黑果枸杞改良塔里木河上游阿拉尔垦区盐碱地的效果分析

Analysis of improvement saline-alkali land of Alar reclamation area in the upper reaches of Tarim river by Lycium ruthenicum

探讨极端干旱区黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum Murr.)改良盐碱地的效果及盐分与土壤有机质之间作用规律。连续田间监测对比中度盐渍土(5~10 g/kg)、重度盐渍土(10~22 g/kg)和盐土(>22 g/kg)3种土壤条件黑果枸杞植株的成活率,以及栽培3年对0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层Na^(+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、有机质、碱解氮含量以及果实产量的影响。结果表明,土壤总盐含量与黑果枸杞存活率之间符合二次函数,总盐含量大于7.97%致死黑果枸杞植株。此外,栽培黑果枸杞后,3种盐渍土20~40 cm土层Na^(+)、Cl^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)含量显著减小,并以盐土最为显著,其他各土层盐离子含量未显著降低。盐土碱解氮含量显著增加,其他类型盐渍土各土层有机质和碱解氮显著降低。土壤总盐降低速率与土壤有机质增量呈负相关。经修复的盐渍土有利于黑果枸杞产量显著增加。综上所述,增产过程中黑果枸杞降低了中重度盐渍土中Na^(+)、Cl^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)含量,消耗了20~40 cm土层较多养分。

The effects of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.on improving the saline-alkali land in extreme arid area and the interaction between salt and soil organic matter were discussed.Continuous field monitoring was conducted to compare the survival rate of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.plants under moderate saline soil(5-10 g/kg),severe saline soil(10-22 g/kg)and saline soil(>22 g/kg),and the effects of three years of cultivation on contents of Na^(+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in 0-20,20-40,40-60 soil layers and fruit yield.The results showed that there was a quadratic function between the total salt content in soil and the survival rate of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.,and the total salt content being greater than 7.97%could kill Lycium ruthenicum Murr..In addition,after the cultivation of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.,the contents of Na^(+),Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-)of the three saline soil 20-40 cm soil layers decreased significantly,while the contents of salt ions in the other soil layers did not decrease significantly.The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in saline soil increased significantly,while the organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in other types of saline soil decreased significantly.The decrease rate of soil total salt was negatively correlated with the increase of soil organic matter.The restored saline soil was conducice to a significant increase in the yield of Lycium ruthenicum Murr..In conclusion,the yield increase of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.reduced contents of Na^(+),Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-)in the moderate to severe saline soil,and consumed more nutrients in 20-40 cm soil layer.