施氮量与灌水上下限对黄秋葵产量和养分吸收的交互作用

Influence of nitrogen application rate and upper and lower irrigation water limits on the productivity and nutrient uptake of okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

探讨施氮量与灌水上下限对黄秋葵养分吸收的交互作用,为黄秋葵的水肥管理提供理论及参数依据。采用土壤盆栽试验,设置田间持水量的45%~55%即45%~55%FC(W1)、35%~65%FC(W2)、25%~75%FC(W3)3种灌水上下限及0 kg/hm^(2)(N0)、110 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、330 kg/hm^(2)(N2)3个氮水平,观测不同施氮量和灌水上下限对黄秋葵生长发育、生理响应及养分吸收的影响。结果表明,相同施氮水平下,黄秋葵不同器官生物量、果实产量、灌溉水分生产率及氮磷钾养分积累量以W1最高。相同灌水上下限,黄秋葵不同器官生物量、果实产量、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性、灌溉水分生产率及氮肥偏生产力以N1最高,各处理之间差异显著。水、氮之间表现显著的互作效应,N1W1处理的黄秋葵总生物量、果实产量、灌溉水分生产率和氮肥偏生产力最高,分别为446.4 g、201.3 g、6.9 g/kg和108.7 kg/kg,显著高于最低处理N2W3(190.3 g、64.9 g、2.4 g/kg和11.7 kg/kg),分别提高了57.4%、67.8%、65.2%和89.2%。综合分析表明,高氮高水处理(N2W3)显著降低黄秋葵产量及水肥利用效率,黄秋葵产量、灌溉水分生产率及养分吸收综合体现的最优模式为110 kg/hm^(2)的施氮量、45%~55%FC的灌水上下限(N1W1),此研究可为丰富黄秋葵高产栽培提供理论依据。

A theoretical and parameter base for managing okra’s water and fertilizer needs was provided by the study of the interaction between the rate of nitrogen delivery and the upper and lower limits of irrigation water on the plant’s ability to absorb nutrients.In this study,a soil pot experiment was conducted.Three kinds of irrigation levels of the 45%-55%of field capacity(FC)(W1),35%-65%FC(W2)and 25%-75%FC(W3)and three nitrogen rates of 0 kg/hm^(2)(N0),110 kg/hm^(2)(N1)and 330 kg/hm^(2)(N2)were set up.The effects of different nitrogen application rates and irrigation levels on the growth and development,physiological response and nutrient absorption of okra were observed.The results showed that at the same nitrogen application level,the biomass of different organs,fruit yield,irrigation water productivity and the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients in okra were the highest in W1.At the same irrigation rate,the biomass of different organs,fruit yield,glutamine synthetase activity,irrigation water productivity and nitrogen partial productivity of okra were the highest in N1,and the difference between treatments was significant.There was a significant interaction effect between water and nitrogen.The total biomass,fruit yield,irrigation water productivity and nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity of okra were the highest in N1W1 treatment with 446.4 g,201.3 g,6.9 g/kg and 108.7 kg/kg,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the N2W3 treatment(190.3 g,64.9 g,2.4 g/kg and 11.7 kg/kg,respectively),which increased by 57.4%,67.8%,65.2%and 89.2%,respectively.The comprehensive analysis revealed that high nitrogen and high water treatment(N2W3)significantly decreased okra yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency.The optimal treatment for the integrated manifestation of okra yield,irrigation water productivity,and nutrient uptake was N 110 kg/hm^(2) application and 45%-55%FC of irrigation(N1W1),and this study can offer a theoretical foundation for enhancing the high yield cultivation of okra.