从“天命”到“天理”——韩愈、二程天论与唐宋之际儒家的发展

From Mandate of Heaven to Principle of Heaven:Han Yu,Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi’s Theory of Heaven and the Development of Confucianism in Tang and Song Dynasties

唐宋之际儒学出现了变革,这种变革可以通过对韩愈、二程天论的分析体现出来。从韩愈的“天命”到二程的“天理”,体现出唐宋儒学对天性质的界定从意志之天转变为义理之天,天的功能从天地万物之性由天命赋予转变为天地万物之理由天理转化,天人合一关系从外在合一转变为内在合一。从韩愈的“天命”演变成二程的“天理”,带来了儒学发展质的飞跃,这种演变是儒学发展的必然,是儒学为了对抗佛教的挑战而做的自我调节。

During the Tang and Song Dynasties,there was a transformation in Confucianism.This transformation can be reflected by the analysis of Han Yu,Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi’s theory of heaven.The change from Mandate of Heaven to Principle of Heaven reflects the change of the definition of the nature of heaven from the heaven of will to the heaven of principle in Confucianism of Tang and Song Dynasties.The function of heaven has also changed,from the nature of heaven and earth given by the Mandate of Heaven to the reason of all things heaven and earth transformed from principle of Heaven.At the same time,the relationship of unity of heaven and man changed from external unity to internal unity.Han Yu’s Mandate of Heaven evolved into Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi’s Principle of Heaven,which brought a qualitative leap in the development of Confucianism.This evolution is the necessity of the development of Confucianism and the self-regulation of Confucianism in order to confront the challenge of Buddhism.