劳动关系微分化视角下网约工劳动权益的法律保障

Legal Protection of Labor Rights and Interests of Online Contract Workers from the Perspective of Micro-differentiation of Labor Relations

在算法技术与平台经济相得益彰共同推进数字经济向纵深方向发展的过程中,劳动关系日益呈现出微分化的演化趋势,使得以网约工为代表的新业态从业人员陷入了“身份不明确”的主体性危机与“权益保障难”的双重困境,不仅对传统的劳动从属基础性理论提出了新的挑战,而且也日益凸显现行法律制度供给不足的现状。基于网约工群体经济从属性、人格从属性与组织从属性微分化趋势之系统理论分析,科学审视与证成微分化视阈下具有劳动从属性的网约工“第三类劳动者”之身份,并将“内在经济与人格从属程度的差距均以外在劳动量的差别为表现形式”这一从属性微分化之核心作为识别与判定标准,对具有不同强度从属性的“第三类劳动者”给予不同程度的劳动法倾斜保护,希冀能平衡平台经济有序发展与网约工劳动权益合法保障之间的关系,为健全和完善我国劳动法律制度体系提供符合数字经济内在运行规律的科学立法选择。

In the process of promoting the development of the digital economy in depth through the combination of algorithm technology and platform economy,labor relations are increasingly showing a trend of micro-differentiation,which has led to the dual dilemma of“unclear identity”subjectivity crisis and“difficulty in protecting rights and interests”for new types of employees represented by online contract workers,which not only poses new challenges to the traditional basic theory of labor subordination,but also increasingly highlights the insufficient supply of the current legal system.Based on the systematic theory of the differentiation trend of economic dependency,personality dependency,and organizational dependency among online contract workers,a scientific examination and verification of the identity of the“third category workers”with labor subordination from the perspective of micro-differentiation is conducted.This paper takes the difference in external labor volume as a way to judge the gap between internal economic and personality dependency and uses attribute differentiation as the core criterion for identification and judgment.Different degrees of labor law protection are given to the“third category workers”with different intensities of subordination attributes,hoping to balance the relationship between the orderly development of platform economy and the legitimate protection of labor rights and interests of online contract workers,and provide a scientific legislative choice that conforms to the inherent operating laws of the digital economy to improve and perfect China’s labor legal system.