我国生猪粪尿养分资源测算及土地承载力分析

Nutrient Resource Calculation and Land Carrying Capacity Analysis of Pig Manure and Urine in China

基于我国生猪养殖行业发展现状,通过查阅文献资料采用排泄系数法估算了全国生猪(本文指肉猪和繁育母猪)所排泄的粪尿资源总量,并基于其养分含量计算土地承载力。结果显示,2021年我国生猪粪尿产生总量达到了51695.88万吨,其中粪便、尿液占比分别为28.14%、71.86%,经收集、贮存和处理过程后可供给230.39万吨氮、57.61万吨磷。同时按粪肥替代40%化肥施用作物上计算,全国生猪粪污土地承载以N、P计分别为19.5亿头和21.9亿猪当量,其中新疆、内蒙古和黑龙江等省份的养殖承载空间巨大,北京、海南和云南等地区的养殖承载力较低。综上所述,全国生猪养殖与粪污资源分布不均衡,但粪尿资源总量巨大,且粪污土地承载力较大,应加快优化养殖布局,推进畜禽粪便资源化利用,提高粪肥利用率,种养结合,最终实现畜牧业的绿色可持续发展。

Based on the development status of China's pig breeding industry,the total amount of feces and urine resources excreted by pigs,which were referred to meat hogs and breeding sows in this thesis,in China was estimated by the method of excretion coefficient through reviewing the literature,whose nutrient content was used to calculate the land carrying capacity.The results showed that in2021,the total amount of pig feces and urine generated in China reached 516958800 tons,of which feces and urine accounted for28.14%and 71.86%respectively,and could supply 2303900 tons of nitrogen and 576100 tons of phosphorus after the collection,storage and treatment process.At the same time,when manure was used to replace 40%fertilizer application crop on the calculation,the total farming land in China could bear 1.92 billion pigs and 1.89 billion pigs according to the account of N,P,respectively,of which Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang feeding bearing space was huge.Beijing,Hainan and Yunnan feeding bearing capacity was low.In summary,the national pig farming and manure resources were unevenly distributed,but the total amount of manure and urine resources was huge,and the carrying capacity of fecal soil was relatively large.It was essential to speed up the optimization of the breeding layout,promote the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure,improve the utilization rate of manure,and combine planting and raising to achieve the green sustainable development of animal husbandry ultimately.