回油槽结构对高速插齿机静压主轴性能影响研究

Effect of axial groove structure on performance of hydrostatic spindle of high-speed gear shaping machine

为提高数控高速插齿机静压主轴工作性能,以摩擦学和流体力学理论为基础,通过理论分析、数值模拟,探究了不同工况条件下有、无回油槽对静压主轴性能的影响规律。首先,建立了有、无回油槽油膜流体仿真模型和流固耦合模型,基于实际工况参数进行了仿真计算,探究了有、无回油槽对油膜承载力、刚度、剪切力和轴套最大变形量的影响规律;然后,利用瞬态计算,分析了在10次冲程运动内有、无回油槽结构对静压主轴油膜黏性生热现象的影响,探究了相同工况下不同回油槽形状对油膜承载力与刚度的影响;最后,搭建了静压导轨实验平台,通过实验数据证明了有限元仿真模型的有效性。研究结果表明:添加回油槽结构可以使油膜承载力和刚度提升约1.5倍,可小幅降低油膜黏性阻力,并使油膜平均温度保持稳定;在低偏心率时,无回油槽轴套相对有回油槽轴套变形量最大相差40%,高偏心率时则相反;偏心率较低时,回油槽形状对油膜刚度影响相对较大。该研究可为高速插齿机静压主轴结构参数优化和工程应用提供参考。

In order to improve the performance of the hydrostatic spindle of a high-speed CNC gear shaping machine,based on the theory of tribology and hydrodynamics,the influence of the presence or absence of an axial groove on the performance of the static spindle under different working conditions was investigated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.Firstly,oil film fluid simulation models and fluid-solid coupling models with and without an axial groove were established.Simulation calculations were carried out based on the actual working condition parameters to investigate the influence of the presence or absence of an axial groove on the oil film bearing capacity,rigidity,shear force and maximum deformation of the axial sleeve.Then,transient calculations were carried out to analyze the influence of the structure with and without an axial groove on the phenomenon of viscous heat generation in the hydrostatic spindle oil film within ten strokes.The effects of different axial groove shapes on the oil film load carrying capacity and stiffness under the same operating conditions were investigated.Finally,the effectiveness of the finite element simulation model was confirmed by experimental data.The research results demonstrate that integrating an axial groove structure enhances the oil film s load capacity and stiffness by approximately 1.5 times,reducing viscous resistance and maintaining a stable average temperature.Sleeve deformation is 40%larger without the axial groove at low eccentricity,while the opposite holds true at high eccentricity.Moreover,the shape of the axial groove significantly affects the oil film s stiffness particularly when operating with lower eccentricity levels.This study offers valuable insights into optimizing structural parameters and facilitating the implementation of hydrostatic spindles in high-speed gear shaping machines.