CRISPR-Cas系统在病原微生物分子诊断中的研究进展

Advances in CRISPR-Cas systems-based molecular diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms

快速、灵敏、准确的病原微生物检测方法对感染性疾病的诊治及防控至关重要。基于成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)-CRISPR相关蛋白(Cas)系统的检测技术在病原微生物核酸检测中具有高灵敏度和高特异度的特点,该文概述了CRISPR-Cas系统的作用机制及不同Cas的核酸酶活性,总结了基于CISPR-Cas系统的检测技术在病原微生物核酸检测中的研究现状,对该系统在核酸检测应用中的挑战进行了综合分析,并提出了目前存在的一些解决方案。目前基于CRISPR-Cas系统的非核酸分析物检测仍处于前期研究阶段,但其在扩大检测范围、缩短检测时间、提高检测灵敏度等方面具有较大潜力,为开发基于CRISPR-Cas系统的病原微生物检测平台提供新思路。

Rapid,sensitive and accurate detection of pathogenic microorganisms is critical for the diagnosis,treatment,prevention and control of infectious diseases.Based on the high sensitivity and specificity characteristics of detection techniques of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) systems.This review summarizes the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas system,the nuclease activities of different Cas and the research status of CRISPR-Cas detection technology in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms.Moreover,the challenges of the CRISPR-Cas system in the application of nucleic acid detection are comprehensively analyzed,and some existing solutions are proposed.At present,the detection of non-nucleic acid targets based on the CRISPR-Cas system is still in the preliminary research stage,but it has great potential to expand the detection field,shorten the detection time and improve the detection sensitivity,which provides a new way for the development of pathogenic microbial detection platforms based on the CRISPR-Cas system.