脊髓损伤后骨量流失的相关研究进展

Research progress of bone loss after spinal cord injury

脊髓损伤后常出现骨量流失,严重影响患者的预后及康复。脊髓损伤后,骨骼生物力学改变、信号通路紊乱、神经系统失调等导致骨量流失,进而出现骨质疏松。骨量流失主要集中在股骨远端和胫骨近端,流失程度与损伤病程和性别相关。目前,脊髓损伤后继发骨质疏松症的临床诊断仍沿用原发性骨质疏松症的标准。脊髓损伤后继发骨质疏松症的治疗主要是双膦酸盐类药物治疗和综合康复训练。本文主要对脊髓损伤后骨量流失的相关研究进行综述,为临床防治提供参考。

Bone loss is a common complication after spinal cord injury and can seriously affect the prognosis and rehabilitation of patients.Following spinal cord injury,bone biomechanical changes,signaling pathway dysregulation,and nervous system disorders lead to bone loss and subsequent osteoporosis.Bone loss often occurs in the distal femur and proximal tibia,and its severity is related to the duration of injury and gender.At present,the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis after spinal cord injury is still follows the standards established for primary osteoporosis.Bisphosphonate therapy and comprehensive rehabilitation training are main treatments for osteoporosis after spinal cord injury.This paper reviews the related research on bone loss after spinal cord injury and provides reference for clinical prevention and treatment.