1990—2020年贵州百里杜鹃风景名胜区景观格局动态变化

Dynamic Changes in Landscape Pattern of Baili Azalea Scenic Spot in Guizhou from 1990 to 2020

为研究自然保护地生态要素景观格局动态变化规律,以贵州百里杜鹃风景名胜区为研究对象,选取1990年、2000年、2010年及2020年4期土地利用类型数据,运用景观格局面积动态分析、景观格局指数等方法分析了1990—2020年百里杜鹃风景名胜区景观格局演变特征。结果表明:1990—2020年,百里杜鹃风景名胜区土地利用类型以林地和耕地为主,林地、水域及建设用地面积增加,耕地、草地面积减少;30年来,有9.3 km^(2)土地发生转移,其中耕地净减少4.23 km^(2),林地净增加4.20 km^(2)。在景观水平上,研究区景观总体上破碎度减小,景观异质性减弱,景观结构趋向简单,景观团聚程度增加。在类型景观格局水平上,研究区以林地为优势景观,林地、耕地及草地斑块破碎程度降低,水域及建设用地变化不明显。总的来说,百里杜鹃风景名胜区生态环境持续向好,但景观格局趋向单一。

In order to study the dynamic changes in the landscape pattern of ecological elements in nature reserves,the Baili Azalea Scenic Spot in Guizhou Province was selected as the research object,four periods(1990,2000,2010,2020)of land use type data were selected,and the landscape pattern area dynamic analysis,landscape pattern index analysis,and other methods were used to analyze the landscape pattern evolution characteristics of the Baili Azalea Scenic Spot from 1990 to 2020.The results showed that,from 1990 to 2020,the land use types in Baili Azalea Scenic Spot were mainly forest land and arable land,with an increase in forest land,water area,and construction land,while the area of arable land and grassland decreased;over the past 30 years,9.3 km^(2) of land had been transferred,with a net decrease of 4.23 km^(2) in arable land and a net increase of 4.20 km^(2) in forest land.At the level of landscape,the overall fragmentation of the landscape in the study area decreased,landscape heterogeneity weakened,landscape structure tended to be simpler,and the degree of landscape aggregation increased.At the level of landscape pattern,forest land was the dominant landscape in the study area,and the degree of fragmentation of forest land,arable land,and grassland patches reduced.The changes in water area and construction land were not significant.Overall,the ecological environment of the Baili Azalea Scenic Spot continues to improve,but the landscape pattern tends to be single.