算法语境下用户歧视知觉的影响因素与行为效应——基于“拒绝—认同”理论模型的研究

The Influencing Factors and Behavioral Effects of Users' Perception of Algorithmic Discrimination:Based on the Theoretical Model of "Rejection-Identification"

面对算法社会中隐蔽的不公对待,算法媒介用户何以感知歧视并采取行动?本研究立足于“拒绝—认同”模型等心理学既有理论资源,明确了算法歧视知觉受何影响、有何效应。研究发现,直接性与替代性的算法歧视经历都有可能增强歧视知觉,且后者效应更强;遭遇歧视困境的用户并非完全沦为“囚徒”、堕入消极与悲观境地。在群体认同感的中介作用下,用户表现出多元、能动、复合的行为意向,这与“拒绝—认同”模型的核心观点相契合。把握个体面临算法社会中诸如歧视这类不利情境时复杂的心理、行为应对机制,对调适人与媒介技术的关系、纾解技术隐忧与风险有重要的理论与现实意义。

Facing the hidden unfair treatment in the algorithmic society,how do algorithmic media users perceive the discrimination and then take action? Based on the rejection-identification model,this study developed the concept of perceived algorithmic discrimination and explored antecedents and consequences of this perception through the mixed methods of interviews(N=16) and questionnaires(N=883).Both direct and vicarious algorithmic discrimination experiences,the latter of which has a stronger effect,have been evidenced to enhance users' perceived algorithmic discrimination;Users are not completely reduced to be caught in algorithmic discrimination dilemma,but act a part as activists who make attempts to optimize and challenge the algorithm system instead,where the user identity has a significant mediating effect between perceived algorithmic discrimination and different users' coping intentions.This study focused on the complex psychological and behavioral defense mechanism of individuals in the face of adverse situations such as discrimination in the algorithmic society,which contributes to understanding human-machine interaction and mitigating the potential worries and risks of algorithmic ethics.