圈养母幼林麝粪便免疫球蛋白和皮质醇的变化特征

Characteristics of Immunoglobulin and Cortisol in the Feces of Captive Female and Young Forest Musk Deer

了解母体林麝(Moschusberezovskii)产后及幼体林麝断奶前后的免疫力和应激水平变化特征,可为特殊时期母体及幼体林麝的有效保护与饲养管理提供理论依据。该研究于2010年4至9月,采集哺乳期母体和幼体林麝的粪便样品,通过酶联免疫法对粪便提取液中免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM和s IgA)以及皮质醇含量进行测定。利用SPSS 22.0对不同阶段母体和幼体林麝粪便样品中的免疫球蛋白和皮质醇水平进行单因素方差分析(one way-ANOVA)及多重比较。母体林麝粪便中IgG、IgM和s IgA的含量测定结果表明,粪便中IgG与IgM含量在分娩后的初期阶段处于较高水平,随着时间推移含量逐渐减少并保持基本稳定,且IgG与IgM表现出类似的变化趋势;s IgA含量在分娩后持续上升,一直持续到第14周后基本保持稳定。幼体林麝粪便中IgG、IgM和s IgA含量测定结果表明,免疫球蛋白表现出明显的变化规律,IgG和IgM含量在断奶(第11周龄左右)后明显下降,s IgA含量在断奶后有所下降,但变化不显著;在第16周龄左右,IgG和IgM含量再次升高,并随着时间的推移趋于稳定,s IgA则无显著变化。母体林麝皮质醇的数据结果表明,其产后的6周内,皮质醇处于较高水平,在第11周左右(断奶期)皮质醇水平有小幅度的升高。幼体林麝皮质醇的数据显示,其在出生后的第11周龄左右(断奶期)皮质醇含量同样呈现出与母体林麝类似的升高趋势,表明断奶这一行为对母体以及幼体林麝均造成一定的生理压力。综上,母体林麝产后的6周内是管护工作的敏感期,幼体林麝成长的第9~15周龄是其存活关键期。

[Objectives]The aims of this study are to understand the characteristics of the changes of immunity and stress levels of female Forest Musk Deer(Moschus berezovskii)after birth and during the lactation period,and to provide theoretical basis for the effective protection,feeding and management of female Musk Deer and their young in the special period.[Methods]Fecal samples of lactating female Musk Deer and young Musk Deer(Table 1)were collected from April to September 2010.The quantity of immunoglobulins(IgG,IgM,sIgA)and cortisol which were extracted from faeces were determined by ELISA and were analyzed by SPSS 22.0,the hypothesis of normality is tested by examining normal probability graphs and calculating Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics,and then one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons are made.[Results]The quantity of IgG,IgM and sIgA of captive female Musk Deer showed that the values of IgG and IgM were respectively 406.02±12.48μg/g and 3920.30±83.57 ng/g,which were at a high level in the early stage after delivery,then gradually decreased and remained stable.What’s more,the IgG and IgM showed a similar trend of change(Fig.1 and 2).The quantity of sIgA continued to rise after delivery and remained stable until the 14th week(Fig.3).The quantity of IgG,IgM and sIgA of young Musk Deer showed an obvious change pattern,and the value of IgG and IgM significantly decreased after weaning(about the 11th-12th week after delivery)(Fig.5 and 6),at the same time the quantity of sIgA decreased after weaning,but the decreasing was not significant(Fig.7).Around the 16th week,IgG and IgM levels increased again and stabilized over time(Fig.5 and 6),while sIgA showed no significant change(Fig.7).The cortisol data of female Forest Musk Deer showed that cortisol levels were high in the first 6 weeks after calving and there was a small increase on the 11th week after parturition(weaning period)(Fig.4).The cortisol of young Forest Musk Deer showed an increasing trend at about the 11th week after birth(weaning stage)(Fig.8),indicating that weaning behavior caused certain physiological pressure on both mother and young Forest Musk Deer.[Conclusion]During the six weeks after calving,the female Forest Musk Deer was in the tense state of labor and nursing,which was the sensitive period of management and nursing work.In addition,weaning will cause physiological stress to the young Forest Musk Deer,and the 9th-15th weeks of growth of the young Forest Musk Deer is the key period for survival.