江西南昌及浙江衢州发现东亚水鼠耳蝠

Eastern Daubenton’s Myotis Myotis petax Found in Nanchang,Jiangxi and Quzhou,Zhejiang

2020年5至9月,在江西省南昌市向塘机场七里港火车桥底、高访立交桥底、横岗铁路桥底和浙江省衢州市衢州机场西山村涵洞分别捕获到1号(雌性)、4号(2雄性、2雌性)、2号(2雄性)和1号(雌性)鼠耳蝠。上述鼠耳蝠体型较小,头体长42.89~51.41 mm,前臂长40.18~42.22 mm;头骨较小,脑颅略低,顶部平缓,矢状脊不明显,吻长较短,吻宽较长,超过眶间宽,颧弓纤细且发达,宽度明显超过后头宽,明显区别于该地区已报道的鼠耳蝠物种。通过外部形态鉴定以及Cyt b、COI序列比对和系统发育关系结果,鉴定上述标本为东亚水鼠耳蝠(Myotis petax),且该种是在江西省和浙江省翼手目分布新记录种。上述标本保存于广东省科学院动物研究所。

Present distribution areas of Myotis petax in China were Heilongjiang Province,Jilin Province,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,and Hunan Province.The purpose of this study is to expand our understanding of the geographical distribution of this species.In the study,eight bat individuals were captured in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province and Quzhou,Zhejiang Province from May to September 2020.The morphological and skull characteristics of the eight bats were measured by using electronic digital calipers.The mitochondrial DNA sequences of these eight bats were sequenced and deposited in the NCBI database.Then,the Cyt b and COI gene sequences of some Myotis species in the NCBI database were downloaded,and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method in MEGA 7.0 software.The genetic distances of the Cyt b gene and COI gene of M.petax,M.daubentonii and M.laniger were calculated based on Kimura 2-parameter model.The main diagnosis characteristics of the eight bats were:small body size,head-body 42.89﹣51.41 mm,tail 35.23﹣42.62 mm,ear 11.21﹣12.68 mm,hind-foot 8.54﹣9.74 mm,forearm 40.18﹣42.22 mm(Fig.1 and Table 1).Brain-case is lower,and upper and lower tooth rows are shorter.Rostrum is relatively wide;cranial width is greater than one-half the skull length(Fig.2 and Table 1).Phylogenetic analysis based on Cyt b gene and COI gene sequences showed that the captured bats were well clustered with M.petax formerly discovered at home or abroad(Fig.3 and 4)and the genetic distance was less than 2%(Table 2 and 3).The eight bats were identified to be M.petax,a new record to Jiangxi and Zhejiang Provinces.The specimens were kept in the Institute of Zoology,Guangdong Academy of Sciences at present.