2017-2022年湖南省流感样病例病原学监测分析

Etiological surveillance for influenza-like illness in Hunan,2017−2022

目的分析2017—2022年湖南省流感样病例病原学监测结果,为全省流行性感冒(流感)防控提供科学依据。方法每周采集来自全省23家哨点医院的流感样病例的咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光定量反转录-聚合酶链式反应法检测标本中的流感病毒型别,检测结果可疑的标本采用细胞分离培养法分离病毒,对不同年份、性别、年龄组病例的流感病毒阳性率差异使用χ^(2)检验分析。结果2017—2022年共检测流感样病例标本162773份,流感病毒阳性20885份,阳性率为12.83%。检出的流感病毒的主要型别有4种:H1N1亚型、H3N2亚型、Victoria系和Yamagata系,其构成比分别为19.42%、33.77%、37.14%和9.50%。6年中,流感病毒阳性率最低与最高的年份分别为2020年(3.76%)和2019年(21.50%)。流行高峰主要出现在冬季,偶有夏季和春季高峰。男、女性病例标本流感病毒阳性率分别为12.81%和12.85%。不同年龄组中,5~15岁组阳性率最高(21.69%),≥60岁组最低(5.83%)。不同市(州)检测阳性率在6.86%~17.47%。结论湖南省2017—2022年流感流行呈现季节性特征,各年流行的优势毒株不同,需要加强流感监测,科学研判流行趋势。

Objective To understand the performance of the etiological surveillance for influenza-like illness(ILI)in Hunan province from 2017 to 2022,and provide evidence for influenza prevention and control in Hunan.Methods Throat swabs of ILI cases from 23 local sentinel hospitals were collected every week,and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect and identify influenza viruses in the specimens.The positive samples were used for virus isolation by cell culture,and the test results were described.The differences in positive rate of influenza virus detected among different years,gender and age groups were analyzed byχ^(2) test.Results From 2017 to 2022,a total of 162773 samples from ILI cases were detected,in which 20885 were positive for influenza virus,with a positive rate of 12.83%.Four types of influenza viruses were detected,i.e.influenza A(H1N1)virus(19.42%),influenza A(H3N2)virus(33.77%),influenza B virus Victoria lineage(37.14%)and influenza B virus Yamagata lineage(9.50%).In the 6 years,the positive rate was lowest in 2020(3.76%)and highest in 2019(21.50%).The incidence peak of influenza mainly occurred in winter and occasionally in summer and spring.The positive rates of influenza virus detected in men and women were 12.81%and 12.85%,respectively.In different age groups,the positive rate was highest in age group 5-15 years(21.69%)and lowest in age group≥60-years(5.83%).The positive rate in different prefectures ranged from 6.86%to 17.47%.Conclusion The incidence of influenza showed seasonal characteristics in Hunan from 2017 to 2022.The predominant influenza virus varied with year.It is necessary to strengthen influenza surveillance for the better assessment of incidence trend of influenza.