基于鱼类完整性指数的牡丹江及其支流健康状况评价

Evaluation of Health Status of Mudanjiang River and Its Tributaries based on Fish Integrity Index

于2021年5月和10月,对牡丹江及其支流中的鱼类开展了调查,以鱼类作为指示物种,筛选出中下层鱼类物种数量所占比例(指标M10)、植食性鱼类种群数量所占比例(指标M13)和敏感性鱼类物种数量所占比例(指标M20)作为鱼类完整性指标,构建了鱼类完整性指数评价体系,评价了牡丹江及其支流的健康状况。研究结果表明,调查期间,在牡丹江及其支流中,分布着7目13科37属49种鱼类,其中,鲫(Carassius auratus)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)和鲇(Silurus asotus)等15种物种为优势物种;牡丹江干流上游的少数江段(兰岗镇江段)、宁江市以南的绝大多数干流江段(土城子乡江段、大孤山江段、老孤砬子江段和林江村江段)处于健康状态;上游的多数江段(依兰镇江段、三道通镇江段)和牡丹江支流蛤蟆河处于亚健康状态;牡丹江干流中游的江段(三道河子镇江段、二道河子镇江段、铁岭镇江段)和牡丹江支流海浪河的健康状况一般;牡丹江支流铁岭河、双河和北安河的健康状况差。建议严格控制污染牡丹江及其支流水体的污染源,加大对生活污水和企业废水排放的监管力度,使牡丹江及其支流的水环境恢复健康;禁止开发和利用鱼类产卵场所在江段的水资源;采取人与自然和谐相处的旅游开发模式,避免旅游业污染和破坏牡丹江及其支流的水环境。

In May and October 2021,the surveys were conducted on the fish in the Mudanjiang River and its tributaries,using fish as indicator species.The study aimed to evaluate the health status of the Mudanjiang River and its tributaries.The fish integrity index was established by selecting the proportion of mid-lower layer fish species(indicator M10),the proportion of herbivorous fish species(indicator M13),and the proportion of sensitive fish species(indicator M20).The research revealed that during the survey periods,there were 49 fish species belonging to 37 genera,13 families,and 7 orders in the Mudanjiang River and its tributaries.Among them,15 species,including Carassius auratus gibelio,Pseudorasbora parva,Silurus asotus,and so on were identified as dominant species.Certain river segments of the Mudanjiang River were found to be in good health,such as the upper reaches of the main stream(Langang town segment)and most segments south of Ningjiang City(Tuchengzi township segment,Dagushan segment,Laogulazi segment,and Linjiang village segment).However,most segments in the upper reaches(Yilan town segment,Sandaotong town segment)and the tributary,Hathe River,were in suboptimal health.The middle reaches of the Mudanjiang River main stream(Sandaohezi town segment,Erdaohezi town segment,Tieling town segment)and the tributary,Hailang River,were in fair health,while the health status of the tributaries,Tieling River,Shuang River,and Bei'an River,was poor.It is recommended to strictly control pollution sources affecting the Mudanjiang River and its tributaries,to enhance supervision of domestic and industrial wastewater discharge,and to promote the restoration of the water environment.Additionally,the development and utilization of water resources in segments where fish spawn should be prohibited.Adopting a harmonious tourism development model that minimizes pollution and damage to the water environment is crucial for maintaining the balance between human activities and nature in the Mudanjiang River and its tributaries.