西北干旱区国土空间生态修复优先区识别——以黑河流域张掖市为例

Identification of priority areas for territorial space ecological restoration in arid area of Northwest China:A case study of Zhangye City in Heihe River basin

基于整体保护与系统治理思维识别西北干旱区国土空间生态修复优先区,是筑牢国家生态安全屏障、推进国土空间生态文明建设的重要举措。本研究以典型西北干旱区城市——张掖市为例,采用生态服务功能重要性、电路理论、生态敏感性及生态退化评估等方法从生态网络内部缺陷和外部威胁两方面构建“生态网络⁃生态敏感性⁃生态退化”研究框架,识别西北干旱区国土空间生态修复优先区,并提出修复策略。结果表明:张掖市生态修复优先区集中在生态脆弱且人类活动干扰强烈的河流沿岸人工防护林带及平原⁃荒漠⁃绿洲过渡带。研究区生态网络包括39个生态源地和99条生态廊道,高度敏感区和退化区面积分别为1595.40和6.65 km^(2)。基于生态网络内部缺陷和外部威胁识别国土空间生态修复优先区31个生态夹点、7个障碍点及753.56 km^(2)生态源地,这些区域向内关乎生态网络的连通,向外维持着生态系统稳定,是未来着重修复的区域。本研究遵循国土空间整体保护、系统修复理念,提出了综合生态网络内部缺陷和外部威胁的国土空间生态修复思路,可为张掖市生态系统综合管理及国土空间优化提供科学基础和决策依据。

Determining priority areas for territorial ecological restoration in the arid region of Northwest China based on the holistic protection and systematic governance is an important measure to build solid national ecological security barrier and promote the construction of territorial ecological civilization.Taking Zhangye City,a typical arid area city in Northwest China,as an example,we constructed the research framework of“ecological network⁃ecological sensitivities⁃ecological degradation”from two aspects of internal defects and external threats of ecological networks by using circuit theory and assessment methods of ecological service function importance,ecological sensitivity,and ecological degradation.We then identified the priority areas of territorial ecological restoration in northwest arid region and put forward the restoration strategies.The results showed that the priority areas of ecological restoration in Zhangye City were concentrated in the artificial shelterbelt along rivers and the plain⁃desert⁃oasis transition zone with fragile ecology and strong human interference.The ecological network of the study area included 39 ecological sources and 99 ecological corridors,and the highly sensitive and degraded areas were 1595.40 and 6.65 km^(2).Based on the internal defects and external threats of the ecological network,we identified 31 ecological pinch points,7 obstacle points,and 753.56 km^(2) ecological source areas in the territorial spatial ecological restoration priority area.These areas were related to the connectivity of the ecological network internally and the stability maintenance of the ecosystem outwards,and were the areas to restoration in the future.Following the concept of overall protection and system restoration of territorial space,we put forward the idea of territorial space restoration by integrating internal defects and external threats of ecological network,which could provide scientific decision⁃making basis for compre⁃hensive ecosystem management and territorial optimization of Zhangye City.