奥尔夫音乐治疗在我国孤独症儿童临床应用研究述评

A Review of Clinical Application of Orff Music Therapy in Autistic Children in China

奥尔夫音乐疗法运用于孤独症儿童治疗,在国外已有50余年的历史,发展较为成熟。在我国,此项研究尚处于起步阶段,经过国内学者近些年的努力,取得了一定的成果。通过整理分析国内近20年的奥尔夫音乐治疗对孤独症儿童的研究文献发现,干预对象主要以2.5—8岁的孤独症男生为主;干预执行者为音乐治疗师、教师及临床医生;干预目标主要集中在社交能力、情绪控制、注意力集中的提升方面;实验设计以单一被试实验设计及随机对照实验设计为主;评估方法以量化评估为主;干预方法主要采用歌曲演唱、节奏训练、乐器演奏及综合的干预方法;干预效果显示以报告整体有效为主。据此,后续的研究应进一步探索多种干预方法有效结合的综合干预方案,建立科学的评估方法和评估体系,追踪奥尔夫音乐疗法干预的维持和泛化的效果。未来奥尔夫音乐治疗应按照生态化、本体化与民族化的路径发展。

Orff music therapy used in the treatment of autistic childrenin foreign countries has a history of more than 50 years and the development is relatively mature.In China,this research is still in its infancy,but after the efforts of domestic scholars in recent years,certain results have been achieved.Through sorting and analyzing the research literature on Orff music therapy for autistic children in China for the recent 20 years,it is found that the intervention targets are mainly male autistic children aged 2.5-8;intervention practitioners include music therapists,teachers,and clinical doctors;the intervention goals mainly focus on improving social skills,emotional control,and attention concentration;the experimental design mainly consists of single subject experimental design and randomized controlled experimental design;the evaluation method is mainly quantitative evaluation;the intervention methods mainly include song singing,rhythm training,instrument performance,and comprehensive intervention methods;the intervention effect is mainly reflected in the overall effectiveness of the report.Based on this,future research should further explore a comprehensive intervention plan that effectively combines multiple intervention methods,establish a scientific evaluation method and system,and track the maintenance and generalization effects of Orff music therapy interventions.In the future,Orff music therapy should carry out coordinated development of ecology,ontology,and nationalization.