法律名称的功能定位及设置优化

Function Positioning and Setting Optimization of Legal Name

法律名称是以简练的文字将法律的核心、主旨凸现出来的标题,作为法律文本的要件,它是一种包括制定主体、效力范围(人、地域、时间、空间)、表现形式、效力位阶、调整手段等因素的复合专名。法律名称的设置,应兼顾全面性与概括性、表征性与辖制性、个殊性与体系性、技术性与价值性、文本性与应用性、稳定性与发展性等多方面的功能。当前,我国法律名称的设置存在着立法目标定位偏差、使用语境偏离错移、立法形式杂乱失范、法条引用烦琐累赘等问题。法律名称的设置伴随着整个立法过程始终,是一个由多环节构成的立法决策链,必须与整个法律文本一道,充分利用法律制定的程序性机制,在每个环节把好关。法律名称的设置是立法技术规范的重要组成部分,将来编制立法技术规范时应将法律名称的设置技术纳入其中。

The title of the legal name is a title that highlights the core and main theme of the law in concise words,as a legal text elements,It is a compound proper name including the subject of formulation,the scope of effectiveness(people,region,time,space),the form of expression,the level of effectiveness,the means of adjustment and other factors.The setting of legal names should take into account many functions,such as comprehensiveness and generality,characterization and control,individuality and system,technicality and value,textuality and application,stability and development.Currently,there are some problems in our country's legal names setting,such as the deviation of value target,the deviation of use context,the disorderly and irregular form of legislation,and the cumbersome quoting of law articles.The setting of legal names is accompanied by the whole legislative process,which is a legislative decision-making chain composed of multiple links.Together with the whole legal text,we must make full use of the procedural mechanism of law formulation and make good decisions in each link.The setting of legal names is an important part of legislative technical specifications,and the technique of setting legal names should be included in the compilation of legislative technical specifications in the future.