多孔钽金属治疗大鼠颅骨缺损的早期疗效

Early efficacy and prospects of porous tantalum metal in the treatment of cranial defects in rats

目的探讨多孔钽金属治疗大鼠颅骨缺损的早期治疗效果。方法采用钻孔法制备大鼠颅骨缺损动物模型,采用随机数字表法将大鼠分为对照组,钽金属植入组,每组6只。通过小动物成像X光实验检测多孔钽金属注入情况;通过翻红O固绿染色及苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察骨缺损处骨再生;通过多孔钽金属与骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)共培养探究其生物相容性,通过扫描电镜观察BMSC共培养情况;通过噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测多孔钽金属生物毒性。结果多孔钽金属植入2周后与周围骨组织结合紧密,未见明显炎性反应。小动物成像X光结果显示钽金属孔隙间可见新生骨长入,促进骨缺损再生修复。组织学切片HE染色钽金属四周未见明显炎性反应,金属孔隙间血细胞聚集,促进骨痂形成;翻红O固绿染色可见新生骨长入金属间,多孔钽金属与骨连接紧密,未见免疫排斥反应。MTT检测实验结果显示正常培养组1、3、5 d后的吸光度值与钽金属共培养组比较,差异无统计学意义(0.177±0.010比0.185±0.010、0.434±0.001比0.449±0.002、0.776±0比0.785±0,t=0.303、1.924、1.266,P>0.05),培养7 d后钽金属共培养组细胞增殖高于正常培养组(1.39±0.03比1.23±0.02,t=12.290,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。扫描电镜结果提示多孔钽金属生物相容性强,BMSC围绕钽金属生长,全包围多孔钽金属,细胞相互交织,生长状况良好。结论多孔钽金属植入大鼠颅骨缺损处促进和引导骨生长和骨修复。

Objective To explore the early therapeutic effect of porous tantalum metal in treating cranial defects in rats.Methods An animal model of rat cranial bone defect was prepared by drilling method,and the rats were divided into control group and tantalum metal implantation group by randomized numerical table method,with 6 rats in each group.The injection of porous tantalum metal was detected by small animal imaging X-ray.Bone regeneration at the bone defect was observed by safranin O-fast green staining and hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.The biocompatibility of porous tantalum metal was investigated by co-cultivating it with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),and the co-cultivation of BMSCs was observed by scanning electron microscopy.The biotoxicity of porous tantalum metal was detected by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.Results The porous tantalum metal was tightly integrated with the surrounding bone tissue 2 weeks after implantation,and no obvious inflammatory reaction was observed.The X-ray results of small animals showed that new bone grew in between the pores of the tantalum metal,which promoted the regeneration and repair of bone defects.Histological sections of HE staining around the tantalum metal had no obvious inflammatory reaction and the metal pore blood cell aggregation,and the formation of bone scab was promoted.The safranin O-fast green staining was seen in the newborn bone into the metal interspace,and the porous tantalum metal and bone connection was close.There was no immune rejection.MTT test results showed that the absorbance value of the normal culture group and the tantalum metal co-culture group after 1,3,5 d did not have a significant difference(0.177±0.010 vs.0.185±0.010,0.434±0.001 vs.0.449±0.002,0.776±0 vs.0.785±0,t=0.303,1.924,1.266,P>0.05).After 7 d of culture,the cell proliferation of the tantalum metal co-culture group was higher than that of the normal culture group(1.39±0.03 vs.1.23±0.02,t=12.290,P<0.01),which indicated that the porous tantalum metal had little cytotoxicity and damage to the cells,and it had a certain advantage in promoting the growth and proliferation of BMSCs.Scanning electron microscopy results suggested that porous tantalum metal was highly biocompatible,and BMSCs grew around tantalum metal,fully encircling porous tantalum metal,with cells being intertwined and in good growth condition.Conclusion Porous tantalum metal implanted in rat skull defects promotes and guides bone growth and bone repair.