细胞来源脱细胞基质促进软骨修复研究进展

Research progress of cell-derived decellularized extracellular matrix in promoting cartilage repair

关节软骨损伤是一种常见关节疾病,也是造成关节组织退行性改变的始动因素。关节软骨难以实现自我修复,尽管已采取关节镜下清理、微骨折、骨软骨移植和软骨细胞移植等手段开展治疗,但临床疗效仍不满意。随着软骨组织工程技术的发展,尤其是伴随一系列功能性生物材料的创新应用,为解决软骨修复难题带来希望。细胞来源脱细胞基质(C-dECM)是一类具有天然三维网络结构的生物材料,区别于组织来源的脱细胞基质,主要利用离体细胞分泌沉积后获得,不仅能为细胞提供类似原始微环境的结构支持,还具有调节细胞黏附、迁移、增殖和分化等行为的生物活性,近年来已被广泛应用于软骨损伤修复领域并获得了良好修复效果。本文主要围绕近年来C-dECM促进软骨损伤修复的主要来源、制备方法和应用形式进行综述,并聚焦C-dECM的未来应用前景进行展望。

Articular cartilage injury is a common joint disease,and it is also the initial factor causing degenerative changes of joint tissue.Self-repair of articular cartilage is difficult to achieve.Although arthroscopic debridement,microfracture,osteochondral transplantation,and chondrocyte transplantation have been used to treat articular cartilage,the clinical efficacy is still not satisfactory.With the development of cartilage tissue engineering technology,especially with the innovative application of a series of functional biomaterials,it brings hope to solve the problem of cartilage repair.Cell-drived decellularized extracellular matrix(C-dECM)is a kind of biological material with natural 3D network structure.It is different from tissue-derived decellularized matrix and is mainly obtained by secretion and deposition of cells in vitro.It not only provides structural support similar to the original microenvironment for cells,but also has biological activities that regulate cell adhesion,migration,proliferation and differentiation.In recent years,it has been widely used in the field of cartilage repair and achieved good results.This article mainly reviews the main sources,preparation methods and application forms of C-dECM in promoting cartilage repair in recent years,and focuses on the future application prospects of C-dECM.