房地产登记数据资源开发利用的法律规制

On Legal Regulation of Exploitation and Utilization of Real Estate Registration Data Resources

在数据要素市场化背景下,系统研究房地产登记数据开发利用问题具有重要的现实意义。现有关于公共数据资源开放利用的研究尚未触及房地产领域,房地产登记数据资源开发利用存在法权规则障碍。房地产登记数据资源具有鲜明的公共属性,呈现出内容结构的双重性。对敏感数据的开发利用应以比例原则为遵循,平衡数据开发利用价值及其所带来的风险,进行公共利益衡量和损益衡量审查后作出决定。通过隐私风险评估明确敏感数据的隐私风险等级,有助于进一步限定可开发利用数据范围。数据分级分类可从对经济社会发展的作用与影响、权益受侵害的可能性及其程度两个层面进行判断。除应严格限制政务场合的利用外,对一般数据可授权第三方机构开发利用,以政府采购和特许经营为主要方式。被授权运营主体享有对其开发数据产品和数据服务的财产权和收益权,同时应承担保障数据安全与合理利用的运营者责任。

In the context of commercialization of data elements,it is of great practical significance to systematically study the exploitation and utilization of real estate registration data.The existing research on the access to and utilization of public data resources has not yet covered the field of real estate,and the exploitation and utilization of real estate registration data resources are faced with obstacles in term of rules on legal rights.Real estate registration data resources have remarkable public nature and show the content-structure duality.Regarding the exploitation of sensitive data,it is imperative to follow the principle of proportionality,balance the value of data exploitation and the risks it brings,and make decisions after conducting review upon measurement of public interest and measurement of profit and loss.Clarifying the privacy risk level of sensitive data through privacy risk assessment can help further limit the scope of exploitable data.Data classification can be decided at two levels:the role in and impact on economic and social development,and the possibility of rights and interests infringement and its extent.Except for those that should be strictly restricted to be utilized in the context of government affairs,the general data can be authorized to be exploited and utilized by third-party organizations,with government procurement and franchising as the main modes.The authorized operators enjoy the property right and usufruct right of the exploited data products and data services,and at the same time shall bear the operators’responsibility for guaranteeing data security and reasonable utilization.