冷原子温度测量方法的研究进展

Research progress of cold atomic temperature measurement methods

随着激光冷却技术的快速发展,冷原子已经成为新兴量子技术的关键平台之一,包括量子传感、量子精密测量、量子模拟和量子计算等。而冷原子温度是冷原子实验的一个重要参数,超低温原子具有碰撞率低、相干时间长、多普勒展宽小等特点,因此对冷原子进行温度测量具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。本文综述了冷原子温度测量方法的研究进展,首先设计并实现了一个简单的方法来快速无损地测量冷原子系综中所选区域的温度;其次从大约20μK的冷原子系综中过滤出亚μK的冷原子,通过实验演示了麦克斯韦妖模型的一种初始形式。

With the rapid development of laser cooling technology,cold atoms have become one of the key platforms for emerging quantum technologies,including quantum sensing,quantum precision measurement,quantum simulation and quantum computing.The temperature of cold atoms is an important parameter of the cold atom experiments.Ultra-cold atoms have a low collision rate,long coherence time,and reduced Doppler broadening.Therefore,temperature measurements on cold atoms are of great scientific significance and application value.In this article,the research progress of cold atomic temperature measurement methods is reviewed.Firstly,the design and implementation of a simple method to quickly and nondestructive measure the temperature of selected regions in the cold atomic ensemble.Secondly,the colder atoms with temperature less than 1μK are filtered out from about an ensemble with 20μK,and the original form of Maxwell′s demon model is demonstrated in the experiment.