主权国家接受国际人权标准的原因探析

A Study of the Reasons for Sovereign States to Accept International Human Rights Standards

国际人权条约内容大部分涉及历来被国家视为其内部事务的“国家与其国民之间的关系”,主要是缔约国义务。自1948年《世界人权宣言》通过至今,联合国已经先后确立了九部核心国际人权条约;几乎所有的联合国成员国都至少批准了一部核心国际人权条约,此外,八成的成员国已经批准四部以上。现代政府理念的转变和国民权利意识的增强构成主权国家接受国际人权标准的内部动因。而国家融入国际社会程度的加深增加了国家批准人权条约的规范压力,政治权力的诱导、经济利益的驱使和国家社会化的推动构成主权国家接受国际人权标准的外部诱因。国家在主权范围内具有尊重和保障人权的义务和使命,国际人权标准与主权国家的历史使命具有一致性。

Most of the content of international human rights treaties involves the“relationship between a state and its nationals”that has always been regarded by the state as an internal matter,mainly the obligations of the state parties.Since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948,the United Nations has developed nine core international human rights treaties;Almost all United Nations member states have ratified at least one core international human rights treaty,and 80%of member states have ratified more than four.The transformation of modern government concepts and the enhancement of nationalsrights awareness constitute the internal motivations for sovereign states to accept international human rights standards.The deepening of statesintegration into international community has increased the normative pressure on states to ratify human rights treaties.The induction of political power,the drive of economic interests and the promotion of state socialization constitute external incentives for sovereign states to accept international human rights standards.States have the obligation and mission to respect and protect human rights within the scope of sovereignty,and international human rights standards are consistent with the historical mission of sovereign states.