细胞外囊泡分析方法

Extracellular vesicle analysis methods

细胞外囊泡携带核酸、蛋白质和脂质等生物分子,在细胞间通讯中发挥着重要作用,与多种疾病的发生与发展密切相关。细胞外囊泡广泛分布于大多数体液中,是液体活检的有效生物标志物之一,可用于非侵入性疾病早期诊断和疗效监测。因此,细胞外囊泡及其携带生物分子(蛋白质、核酸)的分析与研究受到了广泛关注。研究者们基于抗体或核酸适配体特异性识别细胞外囊泡表面蛋白质,提出了多种策略用于细胞外囊泡及其表面蛋白质的高灵敏、高特异性检测。采用直接递送或膜融合方式将传感探针输送至细胞外囊泡内部,可实现细胞外囊泡内部核酸的原位、准确检测。本文综述了细胞外囊泡及其携带生物分子检测方法的最新进展,并展望了该领域未来的发展方向。

Extracellular vesicles carryabundant biological molecules,including nucleic acids,proteins and lipids,which play important roles in intercellular communication and are closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases.Extracellular vesicles are widely distributed in most body fluids and are one of the effective biomarkers for liquid biopsy,which can be used for non-invasive early diagnosis of disease and efficacy monitoring.Therefore,the analysis and study of extracellular vesicles and their carrying biomolecules(proteins,nucleic acids)have received extensive attention.Based on the specific recognition of extracellular vesicles surface proteins by antibodies or nucleic acid aptamers,various strategies have been proposed for the highly sensitive and highly specific detection of extracellular and its surface proteins.In situ and accurate detection of extracellular nucleic acid can be achieved by direct delivery or membrane fusion of the sensing probe into extracellular.This review focuses on the recent advances of detection methods for extracellular vesicles and their carrying biomolecules and theirfuture developments are proposed.