双碳背景下中国电炉流程发展战略研究

Research on development strategy of electric arc furnace process in China under background of double carbon

为积极响应国家提出的“双碳目标”,各部委针对钢铁行业陆续颁布系列政策文件,并明确指出要有序合理引导全废钢电炉流程发展,深入推进钢铁工业绿色低碳转型。在此背景下,首先根据《中国能源统计年鉴》中统计的黑色金属冶炼及压延加工终端能源消费量数据,对1991—2021年间中国钢铁行业引起的直接碳排放量、间接碳排放量以及产品固碳抵扣量展开详细测算,分析中国钢铁行业CO_(2)排放现状;选取典型长流程和短流程钢铁生产企业,对其造成的CO_(2)排放量进行计算,以探究2类流程在碳排放方面的差异,量化电炉流程降碳潜力,指出合理有序推进电炉流程发展是未来钢铁行业转型升级的主攻方向。结合当前钢铁行业发展形势,梳理中国电炉流程发展将面临的困难及挑战,并针对上述问题,从电炉流程发展所需的资源-能源保障、发展模式、技术结构3大方面开展研究,并给出应对策略。在上述研究基础上,构建了中国电炉流程双碳分析模型,分别从工序及时间2个层面绘制了中国电炉流程低碳发展路线图。研究发现,电炉工序和轧钢工序的降碳潜力最大,分别占全流程降碳潜力的40.7%和36.7%;并且随着各工序低碳技术的应用,2030年电炉流程的吨钢碳排放强度有望在2020年的基础上降低35.1%,2040年降低74.7%,2050年实现“近零碳”冶炼。

In order to actively respond to the"dual carbon goals"proposed by China,a series of policy documents for the steel industry have been successively issued by various ministries and commissions.It has been clearly pointed out that the development of the full-scrap electric arc furnace process should be guided in an orderly and reasonable manner,and the green and low-carbon transformation of the steel industry should be further promoted.In this context,a study was conducted to calculate direct carbon emissions,indirect carbon emissions,and product carbon sequestration credits resulting from China′s iron and steel industry between 1991and 2021.The calculations were based on the final energy consumption data of the iron and steel industry from the"China Energy Statistical Yearbook."The current state of CO_(2)emissions in China′s steel industry was analyzed as well.Furthermore,CO_(2)emissions caused by typical long and short-process iron and steel production enterprises were calculated to explore variations in carbon emissions between these two process types.This quantification allowed for the assessment of the potential carbon reduction of the electric arc furnace process.It was determined that the rational and orderly promotion of the electric arc furnace process development stands as the primary direction for the steel industry′s future transformation and advancement.Challenges and obstacles in China′s electric arc furnace process development were also examined within the context of the current state of the iron and steel industry.Addressing the aforementioned issues,the study delved into resource-energy security,development modes,and the necessary technical structure for the electric arc furnace process.Preventative solutions were formulated based on these aspects.Building upon this research,a dual-carbon analysis model was constructed for China′s electric arc furnace process.This model laid the groundwork for outlining a low-carbon development roadmap for the electric arc furnace process in China,considering both process-based and time-based levels.The findings revealed that the electric arc furnace procedure and rolling procedure exhibit the most substantial potential for carbon reduction,accounting for 40.7%and 36.7%of the entire process′s carbon reduction potential,respectively.Through the integration of low-carbon technologies across various stages,it is projected that the carbon emission intensity per ton of steel in the electric arc furnace process will decrease by 35.1% in 2030compared to 2020,by 74.7%in 2040,and by 2050,achieving a state of"near-zero carbon"smelting.