农村土地流转契约履约机制与乡村治理

The Performance Mechanism of Rural Land Transfer Contracts and Rural Governance

规范农村土地流转行为,提高农村土地流转效率是全面推进乡村振兴、加快建设农业强国的关键所在。传统农村的封闭性、外部机会的有限性、农事活动的风险性与低保障性导致农村土地大多在农户之间进行流转,签订流转契约后,选择自我履约偏多。随着社会经济形态的转变,农村人口流动的可能性增强、乡村产业不断发展、非农就业机会增加等促使大量新型经营主体大量入驻农村。土地流转逐渐规模化、集约化,以村支两委为主的第三方履约机制开始兴起。农地流转契约履约从以农户间的自我履约为主逐渐转变为农户间自我履约和村支两委参与下的第三方履约并存。针对农地流转契约履约现状,一是要完善农村土地产权关系,鼓励农村多主体参与;二是健全流转相关法律法规,保障土地流转合法权益;三是激发土地流转市场活力,促进土地高效有序流转。

Standardizing rural land transfer behavior and improving the efficiency of rural land transfer are the key to comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of an agricultural power.The closed nature of traditional rural areas,limited external opportunities,and the risks and low security of agricultural activities have led to the majority of rural land being transferred between farmers.After signing transfer contracts,there is a tendency to choose self fulfillment.With the transformation of social and economic forms,the possibility of rural population mobility is increasing,rural industries are continuously developing,and non-agricultural employment opportunities are increasing,which has prompted a large number of new business entities to settle in rural areas.The land transfer is gradually becoming larger and more intensive,and the third-party performance mechanism mainly composed of village branch committees has begun to emerge.The fulfillment of agricultural land transfer contracts has gradually shifted from being mainly based on self fulfillment among farmers to coexisting with self fulfillment among farmers and third-party fulfillment with the participation of village branch committees.In response to the current situation of fulfilling agricultural land transfer contracts,firstly,it is necessary to improve the rural land property rights relationship and encourage the participation of multiple rural entities;The second is to improve relevant laws and regulations on land transfer,ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of land transfer;The third is to stimulate the vitality of the land transfer market and promote efficient and orderly land transfer.