玄武岩基复合纱线的制备及其阻燃织物性能

Preparation of basalt-based composite yarns and their flame retardant fabric properties

玄武岩纤维是一种高性能绿色材料。为探究玄武岩纤维成纱结构及其织物性能,开发多功能纺织产品,以玄武岩为基体材料,运用包覆纺纱技术和摩擦纺纱技术,将芳纶、超高分子量聚乙烯、阻燃粘胶作为外包覆材料制备复合纱线,所制备的纱线包括双芳粘胶及聚芳粘胶两种,分析纱线的微观形貌、拉伸断裂、弯曲性能以及热稳定性能,测试所制成织物的阻燃性能及防切割性能。结果表明:双芳粘胶纱线具有较高的力学性能及热稳定性能,聚芳粘胶纱线拥有更优异的柔软性能。在织物阻燃效果方面,双芳粘胶织物与聚芳粘胶混纺织物的极限氧指数都超过27%,这两种织物切割性能均达到防护二级标准,混纺织物切割性能优于纯纺织物。

The basalt fiber is an inorganic fiber,with high-temperature resistance and high strength,but its shear and abrasive properties are poor,and the surface is particularly prone to burr after being subjected to external forces.When the fiber is damaged,it can cause painful damage to human skin.It is significant for making inorganic fiber yarns flexible to make up for the shortage of materials by spinning technology and to strengthen its multi-functions at the same time.In this paper,the basalt fiber was used as the matrix material,and the properties of composite yarn and fabric formed by aramid fiber,ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and flame retardant viscose were discussed.Basalt inorganic fiber covering mainly contains two layers,with the first layer being the bi-directional covering of filament and the second layer being the covering of staple fibers.By combining the spinning methods and parameters under the two processes,the development of basalt composite yarns was realized,which is expected to provide ideas for research institutes and enterprises.Basalt core yarn of 10 tex,44 tex of UHMWPE,and aramid were selected as the outer covering yarn.Firstly,the core yarn was wrapped with different twist directions by using hollow spindle wrapping technology,and secondly,the soft flame-retardant viscose staple fiber was wrapped in the outermost layer by friction spinning technology.By observing the apparent shape of the yarn,and testing the tensile breaking strength,hooking strength,thermal stability,and other quality indexes,we investigated the yarn formation performance and the flame-retardant and anti-cutting performance of the fabric.The surface of the yarn covered by the first layer is smooth and straight,and the surface of the yarn covered by the second layer is given a layer of short fibers,which makes the hand feel softer.The aramid aramid viscose yarn has a strength of 197.66 N,a hooking strength of 37.3 cN tex,and a hooking displacement of 3.8 mm,while the UHMWPE aramid viscose yarn has a strength of 175.5 N,a hooking strength of 45.4 cN tex and a hooking displacement of 6.3 mm.In other words,the aramid aramid viscose yarn has high strength and the UHMWPE aramid viscose yarn has high tenacity.The thermal stability of the two yarns is excellent,and the core yarn basalt is inorganic fiber,so theoretically there is no loss of mass,and the residual mass of aramid aramid viscose yarn and UHMWPE aramid viscose yarn at 800℃is 59.2%and 53.8g%,respectively.There is no flowing or dripping burning material during the combustion process,and there are brittle debris on the surface of the fabric after the combustion,which are the residue of combustion.Some of the basalt are exposed on the surface,but it still acts as a skeleton,and the white material can be revealed from the ultra-high strength molecular weight polyethylene portion of the UHMWPE aramid viscose yarn after melting.The limit oxygen index value of the aramid aramid viscose fabric and the UHMWPE aramid viscose fabric is 35.45%and 28.55%,respectively,indicating evident flame-retardant effect of the two fabrics.The anti-cutting performance of fabrics mainly depends on the external cutting force borne by the surface energy of fabric,and the cutting performance of polyarylene viscose fabrics is better than that of aramid aramid viscose fabrics,that is,the anti-cutting index of blended fabrics prepared in this paper is higher than that of pure fabrics.