中国纺织专利技术转移网络的结构特征及演化

The structural characteristics and evolution of China's textile patent technology transfer network

科技创新有助于推动纺织行业高质量发展,是提升中国纺织企业国际竞争力的关键。以中国纺织专利技术转移数据为研究对象,采用专利计量分析和社会网络分析方法,全面剖析国内纺织专利技术转移网络的结构特征、演化过程和发展趋势。研究发现:在国家提倡科技自主创新和可持续发展理念下,国内纺织领域技术转移活动呈逐年上升势态,成为助力科技资源转化为生产力和经济优势的重要环节。在整体转移网络结构特征上,该领域技术转移网络从初始的节点、边和网络连线比较松散,发展到网络图谱呈现节点和边密集辐射的网络状态,技术转移的机构数量和频次显著增长。在可持续发展理念和“低碳”政策的影响下,不同领域的技术快速融合发展,A61类医用纺织品和H01类电子元器件等专利转让规模增速明显;尤其2019年底出现的全球新型冠状病毒感染疫情,以医用纺织品为代表的技术创新与转移,对满足社会抵抗疫情需求和提高企业产品竞争力等具有积极的推动作用。文章研究分析了中国纺织专利技术的转移趋势、网络结构和演化过程,从时间维度、网络规模和演化趋势3个层面进行研究和讨论,为“十四五”时期纺织行业技术创新与转化提供参考。

A new round of scientific and technological innovation will help promote the high-quality development of the textile industry and is the key to enhancing the international competitiveness of Chinese textile enterprises.With the textile patent technology transfer data as the research object,this paper adopts patent econometric analysis and complex social network analysis methods to comprehensively analyze the evolution process,structural characteristics and development trend of domestic textile patent technology transfer network.The results show that since the beginning of the 21 st century,on the whole,the textile patent technology transfer in China has experienced three stages:embryonic period,steady development period and rapid growth period.With the state's adherence to the strategy of independent innovation and sustainable development of science and technology,domestic technology transfer activities in this field have shown an upward trend year by year,becoming an important link to help scientific and technological resources be transformed into productivity and economic advantages.In terms of the structural characteristics of the overall transfer network,the technology transfer network in this field has changed from relatively loose nodes,edges and network connections to the dense radiation of nodes and edges of the network map,and the technology transfer institutions and frequency have also increased significantly;the main subjects of transfer have gradually become the backbone of technology transfer activities from domestic leading enterprises and multinational companies in the early stage,to textile enterprises such as garments,fiber materials and chemical fibers in coastal areas such as Guangdong,Jiangsu and Zhejiang.In terms of the structural characteristics of individual networks,by establishing a two-dimensional matrix of"breadth-depth",D06 and D01 patented technologies such as textile treatment,fiber,spinning or spinning are located in the"high breadth-high strength"quadrant,which have long been favored by the market.The technology transfer of A41,B65 and D04 patents has also developed rapidly and obtained a wide range of market application prospects.With the help of the activity evolution map of patented technology subcategories,it is found that the scale of textile patent technology transfer in China has expanded rapidly after 2011,and the trend of node increase has shown a relatively significant trend,indicating that the transformation and upgrading of China's textile industry is closely related to the innovation of enterprises in different technical fields.The washing treatment of textiles,the production of artificial filament,thread,fiber and equipment dedicated to the production of carbon fiber,as well as the liquid,gas or steam treatment of textile materials,and other technology transfer activities are more prominent,becoming an important part of the domestic textile technology transfer network.With the influence of the concept of sustainable development and the"low-carbon"policy,the rapid integration and development of technologies in different fields,and the patent transfer technologies such as A61 medical textiles and H01 electronic components have increased significantly.Especially during the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pandemic at the end of 2019,the technological innovation and transfer represented by medical textiles have a positive role in promoting the needs of society to resist the pandemic and improve the competitiveness of enterprise products,and have become an important part of the technology transfer market attention in recent years.