马克思正义观的批判建构与当代意蕴——基于《哥达纲领批判》的分析

The critical construction and contemporary implication of Marx′s view of justice:Based on the analysis ofCritique of the Gotha Programme

公平正义是人类孜孜以求的价值目标,是衡量社会文明进步的重要标尺。马克思在《哥达纲领批判》中批判了拉萨尔分配正义的抽象性、虚妄性,在拨开“铁的工资纪律”和“国家帮助下的生产合作社”迷雾的过程中,消解了拉萨尔抽象正义观的现实路径,逐步建构起历史唯物主义实质正义的理论框架,规制了从按贡献分配到按需分配分层次渐进式发展的科学路线,彰显了全人类自由全面发展的价值旨归。中国共产党探索出摆脱当前人类生存困境的破解之法,即构建人类命运共同体,为世界探索公平正义的现代化道路贡献了中国方案、中国力量与中国智慧,推动了世界公平正义事业取得更为明显的实质性进展。

Fairness and justice are the value goals pursued by mankind and they're important yardsticks for measuring the progress of social civilization.In Critique of the Gotha Programme,Marx revealed the abstractness and illusion of Lassalle's distributive justice,dissolved the realistic path of Lassalle's abstract justice view in the process of dispelling the"iron wage discipline"and"production cooperatives with the help of the state".Then he gradually constructed the theoretical framework of the substantive justice of historical materialism and regulated the scientific line of progressive development from distribution according to contribution to distribution according to needs,and demonstrated the value purport of free and comprehensive development of all mankind.The Communist Party of China has explored a solution to the current predicament of human existence,namely building a community with a shared future for mankind.It has contributed China's plan,strength and wisdom to the world's exploration of a path of fairness and justice for modernization,and promoted more visible and substantive progress in the cause of justice in the world.