昭觉县艾滋病暴露婴幼儿体格发育水平分析

Analysis of Physical Development Levels of Infants and Children Exposed to HIV in Zhaojue County

目的:了解昭觉县人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性孕产妇所生婴幼儿在出生及12月龄内的生长发育状况。方法:采用回顾性分析方法,分析2019年1—12月昭觉县妇幼保健院儿童保健科随访满1年的HIV暴露儿童141例在出生及1、3、6、9、12月龄的体格发育状况,同时将体格发育数据与世界卫生组织(WHO)标准进行比较。结果:昭觉县HIV暴露儿童出生体质量低于WHO平均出生体质量水平,其中1、3月龄HIV暴露儿童体质量与WHO同月龄儿童的体质量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);6、9、12月龄暴露儿童体质量均低于WHO的同月龄儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。昭觉县HIV暴露儿童出生至12月龄身长均值均低于WHO同月龄儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:昭觉县HIV暴露儿童在出生及12月龄内的体质量及身长均低于WHO标准,但生长迟缓及低体质量的发生率较低,营养不良的发生主要集中在6~9月龄婴幼儿,且以生长迟缓为主,提示该地区仍需加大营养知识的宣传教育。

Objective:To find out the growth and development status of infants and children born to human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive pregnant women in Zhaojue County at birth and up to 12 months of age.Methods:A retrospective analysis was used to analyze the physical development status of one hundred and forty-one HIV-exposed children who had been followed up for one year at the Department of Child Health of Zhaojue County Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January to December 2019 at birth and at the ages of 1,3,6,9 and 12 months,and also to compare the physical development data with the standards of the World Health Organization(WHO).Results:The birth body mass of HIV-exposed children in Zhaojue County was lower than the average birth body mass level of children in WHO,of which the difference between the body mass of HIV-exposed children at 1 and 3 months of age and that of children of the same age in WHO was not statistically significant(P>0.05);the body mass of exposed children aged 6,9 and 12 months was lower than that of WHO children of the same age,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The mean length of HIV-exposed children from birth to 12 months of age in Zhaojue County was lower than that of WHO children of the same age,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion:The body mass and length of HIV-exposed children in Zhaojue County are lower than WHO standards at birth and 12 months of age,but the incidence of growth retardation and low body mass is lower,and the occurrence of malnutrition is mainly concentrated in infants and young children between 6 and 9 months of age,and is dominated by growth retardation.It suggests that there is still a need to increase the publicity and education on nutritional knowledge in this region.