主客共享视域下城郊乡村旅游地的社会空间演化研究——以武汉柏泉古镇为例

Social space evolution of rural tourism destinations in suburban areasfrom the perspective of sharing between host and guest:a case study of Baiquan ancient town in Wuhan

城市郊区是城市和乡村过渡的重要地带,也是发展乡村旅游的热点区域.城郊乡村旅游地受到旅游化和城市化双重作用,社会空间演化相对复杂.该研究以旅游地生命周期和空间生产理论等为基础,运用非参与式观察、参与式观察、深入访谈以及扎根理论分析法等对典型城郊乡村旅游地柏泉古镇的社会空间演变过程及机制展开了实证分析与研究.研究发现:1)柏泉古镇尚处于旅游地生命周期中的参与阶段,社会总体满意度较高,不同权利主体之间矛盾较弱,呈现出良性互动的主客交往关系.2)从空间生产的视角来看,柏泉古镇社会空间演化过程可以分为物质环境日趋完善、政策资本逐步累积、主客共享协调发展三个层面.3)“东道主-游客”权利交互作用成为柏泉古镇社会空间演化的主导力量,具体表现为主客生产推动空间实践变迁、主客需求影响空间表征方向、主客共享体验表征空间和谐三个方面.主客共享驱动,也是其他城郊型乡村旅游地实践和相关研究借鉴的思路依据.

Suburban areas are an important zone in the transition between urban and rural areas,and also a hotspot for the development of rural tourism.Suburban rural tourism sites are subject to the dual role of tourism and urbanization and the social space evolution is relatively more complex.Based on the theory of host-guest interaction,space production and tourism destination life cycle,in this study,non-participatory observation,participatory observation,in-depth interview,and grounded theory were applied to examine the social space evolution process and mechanism of Baiquan Ancient Town,a typical suburban rural tourist destination.Findings are shown as follows.1)Baiquan Ancient Town is still in the participation stage of the tourist destination life cycle,and the overall social satisfaction is high.The contradiction between different power subjects is weak,showing a positive interaction between the host and the guest relationship.2)From the perspective of space production,the evolution process of social space in Baiquan Ancient Town is able to be divided into three levels:the gradual improvement of physical environment,the gradual accumulation of policy capital,and the coordinated development of host and guest sharing.3)The power interaction of“host-visitor”has become the dominant force in the social space evolution of Baiquan Ancient Town,which is manifested in three aspects:host-visitor production driving the change of spatial practice,host-visitor demand affecting the direction of spatial representation,and host-visitor shared experience characterizing spatial harmony.The host-visitor sharing drive is also the basis for the whole-domain practice and related research.