环境公共品视角下的农村重金属污染治理研究--以湖南省石门雄黄矿砷污染治理事件为例

Research on Rural Heavy Metal Pollution Control from the Perspective of Environmental Public Goods-Taking the Arsenic Pollution Control Incident at the Shimen Realgar Mine in Hunan Province as an Example

从环境污染治理行为的公共品本质出发,结合湖南省石门县的雄黄矿砷污染治理的案例,揭示了环境公共品存在搭便车、外部效应、供给异质性和非市场交易性这四个特征,由此造成了政府唯一供给,内部化政策缺失,农村环境管理弱势,市场参与不足等农村重金属污染治理过程中的难点问题。最后针对农村重金属污染治理问题的公共品特性,从促进环境公共品供给主体多元化发展、完善环境公共品的政策法规、促进环境公共品的供给公平和增加环境公共品供给的市场支持等四个方面,提出了治理农村重金属污染的对策建议。

The case of arsenic pollution management at the Xionghuang mine in Shimen County,Hunan Province,and the public goods nature of environmental pollution management behavior begin to highlight four characteristics of environmental public goods:free-riding,external effects,heterogeneity of supply,and non-market transactions.These characteristics have led to challenges in the process of managing heavy metal pollution in rural areas,including the use of only government resources,a lack of internalized policies,a deficiency in rural environmental management,and insufficient market participation.Lastly,countermeasures for rural heavy metal pollution control are suggested from the four elements of encouraging the varied development of environmental public goods providing main bodies,in light of the public goods features of rural heavy metal pollution control.