祁连山国家公园煤矿修复对地表节肢动物多样性的影响

Effects of coal mine restoration on ground arthropod diversity in Qilian Mountain National Park

高寒山区煤矿覆土回填和种植草本植物能够快速改善环境,强烈影响地表节肢动物多样性及其生态功能,地表节肢动物对煤矿修复的响应还会因海拔及放牧扰动强度的变化而异。选择祁连山国家公园甘肃片区中部西营河和东大河保护站煤矿修复区和毗邻草地(对照区)为研究对象,利用陷阱法调查煤矿修复区及对照区地表节肢动物的种类组成和数量变化,解析地表节肢动物群落及关键类群对煤矿修复的响应模式,确定影响地表节肢动物多样性变化的关键要素。结果表明,煤矿修复缩小了修复区和对照区地表节肢动物群落差异,但煤矿修复区和对照区地表节肢动物群落组成明显不同并存在地域差异。西营河煤矿修复显著提高了地表节肢动物活动密度,而东大河保护站煤矿修复导致地表节肢动物活动密度略有降低,地表节肢动物类群丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数变化与活动密度相反。主要地表节肢动物科对煤矿矿区修复的响应模式不同并存在区域差异,西营河保护站煤矿修复显著提高了平腹蛛科、微蛛亚科和隐翅虫科的活动密度,但显著降低了硬体盲蛛科和象甲科的活动密度;东大河保护站煤矿修复显著提高了步甲科活动密度,但降低了蚁科和狼蛛科的活动密度。pRDA排序结果表明,海拔高度和全氮含量解释了西营河保护站煤矿修复区和对照区20.8%的地表节肢动物群落变异;草本地上生物量和海拔高度解释了东大河保护站煤矿修复区和对照区24.3%的地表节肢动物群落变异。总之,高寒山区人工覆土和植被建设引起的植被和土壤环境变化强烈影响地表节肢动物多样性,地表节肢动物对煤矿修复的响应存在明显的区域差异,地表节肢动物多样性可以指示和评估煤矿修复效果。

Backfilling with guest soil and planting herbs in the coal mining areas of the alpine mountain can improve the environment rapidly,which strongly affect the diversity and ecological function of ground arthropods.The response of ground arthropods to coal mine restoration will also vary with the changes of altitude and grazing disturbance intensity.We systematically investigated the assemblage and quantity of ground arthropods in coal mine restoration areas and control areas of Xiyinghe and Dongdahe nature conservation station using pitfall traps,analyzed the response pattern of ground arthropod community and the key groups to the coal mine restoration,and determined the main factors affecting the diversity of ground arthropods.The key results were as follows.Coal mine restoration reduced the difference of ground arthropod communities between the restoration areas and control areas,but the community composition of ground arthropods differed between the restoration areas and control areas and showed obviously regional variations.The restoration of coal mine significantly increased the activity density of ground arthropod community in Xiyinghe,while the activity density of ground arthropod community in Dongdahe slightly decreased.The changes of groups richness,diversity index and evenness index of ground arthropod community in the two nature conservation stations were both opposite to the activity density.The response patterns of the dominant groups to the restoration of coal mining areas were different and showed obviously regional variations.Coal mine restoration significantly increased the activity density of Gnaphosidae,Erigoninae and Staphylinidae,but significantly decreased the activity density of Sclerosomatidae and Curculionidae in Xiyinghe.Coal mine restoration significantly increased the activity density of Carabidae,but decreased the activity density of Formicidae and Lycosidae in Dongdahe.Furthermore,pRDA showed that altitude elevation and total nitrogen accounted for 20.8%of the variation in ground arthropod community at coal mine restoration areas and control areas of Xiyinghe;herb aboveground biomass and altitude elevation accounted for 24.3%of the variation in ground arthropod community at coal mine restoration areas and control areas of Dongdahe.In conclusion,the changes of vegetation and soil environment caused by artificial covering and vegetation construction in alpine mountain areas strongly affected the diversity of ground arthropod community,and there were obviously regional differences in the response of ground arthropod community to coal mine restoration.The diversity of ground arthropod community can indicate and evaluate the effects of coal mine restoration.