肠道类器官在肠疾病机制研究中的运用

Application of Intestinal Organoids in The Study of Intestinal Disease Mechanism

肠道类器官由来自肠道的隐窝或干细胞在培养基质的三维(3D)支撑下构建形成,含有肠道的所有成熟细胞,已经成为研究肠道疾病机制全新且高效的平台。相较于二维(2D)细胞培养,肠道类器官不仅可以更加有效地模拟肠道的生理结构与功能,还可以在不同体外环境下更好地还原肠道的真实生态,因此在不同肠道疾病的发病机制研究中应用更为广泛。本文介绍了肠道类器官培养方式的新进展,综述了近年来肠道类器官在炎症性肠道疾病、结肠直肠癌和乳糜泻发病机制研究中的运用及进展,同时讨论了肠道类器官在药物研发与筛选方面的应用。

Intestinal organoids are constructed by crypts or stem cells from the intestine under the 3D support of the culture matrix.They contain all mature cells of the intestine,and have become a new and efficient platform for studying the mechanism of intestinal diseases.Compared with 2D cell culture,organoid can not only more effectively simulate the physiological structure and function of the intestine,but also better restore the true ecology of the intestine in different external environments.Therefore,it is more widely used in the study of pathogenesis of different intestinal diseases.This article reviewed the new progress of intestinal organ like culture,and the application and progress in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases,colorectal cancer and celiac disease in recent years,and also discussed the application in drug research and development and screening.