江苏沿海滩涂垦区不同播种量对小麦产量的影响及小麦生长季土壤因子变化动态

Study on Influence of Different Sowing Amount on Wheat Yield and Variation of Soil Factors in Wheat Season in Coastal Reclamation Area of Jiangsu Province

利用供试品种小麦扬麦16在江苏南通沿海滩涂围垦区开展3个播种量水平处理的小麦种植试验,旨在研究不同播种量水平对沿海滩涂小麦产量及其构成因素的影响,明确滩涂小麦生长期间土壤盐分、pH值、土壤水分和土壤温度的变化动态。结果表明:1)沿海滩涂小麦种植过程中,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤盐分(电导率)变化幅度分别为0.258~0.478 dS/m和0.258~0.496 dS/m,且各处理土壤盐分表现为12月至翌年3月底处于稳定期,4月上旬开始出现土壤返盐状态;2)不同播种量处理下土壤pH值和土壤水分均具有一致的季节性变化特征,且各处理下0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤pH值变化幅度分别在7.80~8.55、8.52~9.37,各处理下0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤水分变化幅度分别在19.35%~24.13%、21.51%~23.66%;3)不同播种量水平处理下各土层温度(0、5、10、15 cm)与大气温度变化均表现出相似的季节性变化规律,且各土层温度与大气温度之间均具有极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01);4)沿海滩涂种植小麦过程中,D2(225.0 kg/hm^(2))和D3(262.5 kg/hm^(2))处理相比D1(187.5 kg/hm^(2))处理小麦产量分别显著提高了5.74%、5.06%(P<0.05),穗数显著提高了9.68%、10.54%(P<0.05),且D2和D3处理之间滩涂小麦产量和穗数差异均无统计学意义;同时,D1、D2和D3处理下滩涂小麦的穗粒数和千粒质量差异均无统计学意义。因此,本试验条件下,滩涂小麦种植过程中不同播种量水平没有明显改变土壤盐分等指标的变化动态,滩涂小麦产量的提高主要是因穗数增加引起的。综合考虑经济效益,播种量225.0 kg/hm^(2)是滩涂小麦比较适宜的播种量水平。

To study the effects of different sowing amount on wheat yield and its constituent factors and clarify the dynamic changes of soil salinity,pH value,soil moisture and soil temperature during the growth of coastal wheat,the wheat planting experiments of three sowing rate levels were carried out with Yangmai 16 as the test variety in the coastal shoal reclamation area of Nantong City,Jiangsu Province.The results showed that:(1)During the process of wheat planting in coastal shoals,the soil salinity(electric conductivity)of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm were 0.258~0.478 dS/m and 0.258~0.496 dS/m,respectively,and the soil salinity of each treatment was stable from December to the end of March of the next year,and the soil salinity began to appear in early April.(2)Soil pH value and soil moisture under different seeding treatments had consistent seasonal variation characteristics,and the variation ranges of soil pH value of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm under each treatment were 7.80~8.55 and 8.52~9.37,respectively.Under each treatment,the variation ranges of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil water were 19.35%~24.13%and 21.51%~23.66%,respectively.(3)The soil layer temperature(at the depth of 0 cm,5 cm,10 cm and 15 cm)and atmospheric temperature showed similar seasonal changes under different seeding levels,and there was a significant positive correlation between soil layer temperature and atmospheric temperature(P<0.01).(4)In the process of planting wheat in coastal beaches,wheat yield under D2 and D3 treatments was significantly increased by 5.74%and 5.06%(P<0.05)compared with D1 treatments,and the panicle number was significantly increased by 9.68%and 10.54%(P<0.05),respectively,and there was no significant difference in the yield and panicle number between D2 and D3 treatments.At the same time,there was no significant difference in grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight among D1,D2 and D3 treatments.Therefore,under the conditions of this experiment,the dynamic changes of soil salinity and so on did not change significantly with different seeding levels during the planting process of tidal flat wheat,and the increase of the yield of tidal flat wheat was mainly caused by the increase of the panicle number.Considering the economic benefits,the sowing amount of 225.0 kg/hm^(2) was a more suitable level for tidal flat wheat.