流动老人多维健康的潜在类别及其影响因素分析

Latent Class Analysis and Influencing Factors of Multidimensional Health of Migrant Elderly

目的:探索我国流动老人多维健康的潜在类别及其影响因素,为有效促进流动老人健康水平提供参考。方法:采用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据(CLHLS),利用潜在类别方法识别流动老人多维健康类别,并基于健康生态学模型,利用多元logistic回归分析探讨流动老人多维健康类别的影响因素。结果:纳入1736名60周岁以上的流动老人,其多维健康存在明显的群体异质性,可分为健康良好型(43.15%)、心理问题突出型(47.58%)和认知躯体障碍(9.27%)三种模式。多元logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、性别、是否锻炼、睡眠时长、医疗费用由谁承担、流动时长、流动范围、参加文娱活动、生活条件、社区服务以及养老保障均为流动老人多维健康的影响因素,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:我国流动老人心理问题突出的占比较高,流动老人的多维健康受到多层次,多维度,多因素的影响,因此需要流动老人自身、家庭、社区及社会多方合力,尤其是流动老人的个体因素和环境因素,以期更有针对性地促进流动老人的健康水平。

Objective To explore the latent class and influencing factors of multidimensional health of migrant elderly in Chi⁃na,and provide reference for effectively promoting the health level of migrant elderly.Methods Using data of 2018 CLHLS,the la⁃tent class analysis method was used to identify the multidimensional health class of the migrant elderly.And based on the health e⁃cology model,the influencing factors of the multidimensional health categories of the elderly were explored by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results 1736 migrant elderly people over 60 years old were included in this study.Their multidimensional health had obvious group heterogeneity,which could be divided into three modes as good health type(43.15%),prominent psy⁃chological problem type(47.58%)and cognitive physical disorder(9.27%).The results of multivariate logistic regression anal⁃ysis showed that age,gender,whether to exercise,sleep duration,who bears the medical expenses,migrant time,migrant range,participation in recreational activities,living conditions,community services and pension security were influencing factors to the multidimensional health of the migrant elderly(P<0.05).Conclusion The proportion of migrant elderly with prominent psycho⁃logical problems was high.The multidimensional health of the migrant elderly is affected by multi-level,multi-dimensional and multi-factors,therefore,it is necessary for the elderly migrants themselves,their families,the community and society to make concerted efforts,especially with regard to the individual and environmental factors of the elderly migrants,which can targeted promote the health of the elderly migrants.