云南剑川鼠疫疫源地野外鼠形动物寄生蚤丰盛度和丰富度影响因素

Factors for the abundance and richness of parasitic fleas of wild small mammals in Jianchuan plague foci of Yunnan Province

目的分析鼠形动物特征和环境因子与鼠形动物寄生蚤的关系,明确影响云南剑川鼠疫疫源地野外鼠形动物寄生蚤丰盛度和丰富度的因素。方法选取剑川县作为采样点,分别在4个季节不同海拔梯度进行鼠形动物、寄生蚤、环境因子取样。使用跨栏模型分析环境因子(季节、生境、海拔)和鼠形动物特征指标(种类、性别、年龄、体长、体重等)与鼠形动物寄生蚤丰盛度和丰富度的关系。结果寄生蚤丰盛度跨栏负二项回归模型多因素分析结果显示:相比于春季,夏季、秋季、冬季的染蚤率分别降低了68%、78%、45%。与耕地相比,林地中野外鼠形动物染蚤数量减少了35%。与齐氏姬鼠相比,大绒鼠的染蚤率增加了0.41倍,中华姬鼠的染蚤率降低54%,其他种类的鼠形动物染蚤率降低了39%;中华姬鼠的染蚤数量降低60%。雌性鼠形动物染蚤率降低了25%。成年的鼠形动物染蚤数量降低了44%。体长>100 mm、耳高>13 mm的鼠形动物染蚤率分别增加了0.48、0.53倍。尾长>13 mm的鼠形动物的染蚤数量降低了49%。寄生蚤丰富度跨栏Poisson回归模型多因素分析结果显示:相比于春季,夏季、秋季、冬季的染蚤率显著降低,分别降低了68%、78%、45%。林地比耕地染蚤种类降低了47%。与齐氏姬鼠相比,大绒鼠染蚤率增加了0.41倍,中华姬鼠的染蚤率降低54%,其他鼠形动物种类染蚤率减低了39%。雌性鼠形动物染蚤率降低了25%。体长>100 mm、耳高>13 mm的鼠形动物染蚤率分别增加了0.48、0.53倍。结论影响寄生蚤丰盛度的因素包括季节、生境,以及鼠形动物种类、性别、年龄、体长、尾长、耳高。影响寄生蚤丰富度的因素包括季节、生境,以及鼠形动物种类、性别、体长、耳高。

Objective To analyze the relationship between small mammal characteristics and environmental factors and parasitic fleas,as well as to identify the factors affecting the abundance and richness of parasitic fleas in wild small mammals in Jianchuan plague foci.Methods The small mammals,parasitic fleas and environmental factors were collected in different altitudes of Jianchuan county across four seasons.Utilizing the hurdle model,the study analyzed the factors affecting the abundance and richness of parasitic fleas in environmental factors(season,habitat,and elevation)and small mammal characteristics(species,sex,age,body length,tail length,hindfoot length,ear height,and weight).Results The multivariate hurdle negative binomial model of the abundance of parasitic fleas showed that the flea infestation rates of wild small mammals were reduced by 68%,78%,and 45%in summer,autumn,and winter,respectively,compared to the spring season.There was a 35%reduction in wild small mammals in woodlands compared to the cultivated field.The flea infestation rate increased by 0.41 times for Eothenomys mileyus,decreased by 54%for Apodemus draco,and decreased by 39%for other species compared to Apodemus chevrieri.The number of infected fleas decreased by 60%for Apodemus draco compared to Apodemus chevrieri.The rate of flea infestation in female small mammals was reduced by 25%.The number of infected fleas in adult small mammals was reduced by 44%.The flea infestation rate increased by 0.48 and 0.53 times for longer body length and taller ear height,respectively.Infected fleas decreased by 49%in small mammals with longer tail lengths.The result of the multivariate Poisson hurdle model of the richness of parasitic fleas showed that the flea infestation rate was significantly lower in summer,autumn,and winter compared to spring,with 68%,78%,and 45%decreased in distribution.Woodlands had 47%lower infected flea species than the cultivated field.The flea infestation rate increased 0.41 times for Eothenomys mileyus,54%lower for Apodemus draco,and 39%lower for other small mammal species compared to Apodemus chevrieri.The rate of flea infestation in female small mammals was reduced by 25%.The flea infestation rate increased by 0.48 and 0.53 times for the longer body length and taller ear height,respectively.Conclusions Season,habitat,small mammal species,sex,age,body length,tail length,and ear height affected the abundance of parasitic fleas.Season,habitat,small mammal species,gender,body length,and ear height affected the richness of parasitic fleas.