天津市市售畜肉及肝脏中β-受体激动剂残留状况及膳食暴露风险评估

The dietary exposure assessment and occurrence ofβ-receptor agonist residues in livestock meat and liver marketed in Tianjin City

目的了解天津市市售畜肉及肝脏中β-受体激动剂残留水平及人群膳食暴露风险。方法2016—2021年在天津市超市、网店和农贸市场采集市售猪、牛、羊肉及肝脏样品583份。按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的相关标准程序进行克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇和特布他林4种β-受体激动剂的检测,结合居民食物消费量采用食品安全指数法评价人群膳食暴露风险。结果583份样品总检出率为13.89%(81/583)。克伦特罗为主要检出的β-受体激动剂,占总检出样品的98.77%(80/81),仅1份样品检出沙丁胺醇,而其他两种β-受体激动剂则均未检出。检出率位于前3位的食品种类为牛肝33.96%(36/106)、羊肉15.79%(18/114)、牛肉13.22%(16/121),猪肉、猪肝检出率较低,分别为1.19%(1/84)、2.00%(1/50),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=56.11,P˂0.05)。农贸市场采集样品检出率显著高于超市及网店(χ^(2)=10.91,P˂0.05)。暴露评估结果显示,天津市居民通过猪肉、牛肉、羊肉的β-受体激动剂的平均暴露量范围为0.0001~0.0004μg/kg·BW;食品安全指数(IFS)范围为0.0220~0.0950,IFS值均小于1。结论天津市市售畜肉及肝脏中β-受体激动剂存在一定程度的检出,但通过猪肉、牛肉、羊肉β-受体激动剂的平均膳食暴露的食品安全风险处于较低水平。

Objective This study aimed to assess the risk of dietary exposure and study the residues ofβ-receptor agonists in livestock meat and liver marketed in Tianjin City.Methods A total of 583 samples of pig,beef,mutton,and liver were randomly collected from supermarkets,online stores,and farmers’markets in Tianjin City from 2016 to 2021.Theβ-receptor agonists clenbuterol,ractopamine,salbutamol,and terbutaline were tested by the relevant standard operating procedures of Manual China National Food Contamination and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring,combined with residents’food consumption data,using the index of food safety(IFS)to assess the health risk.Results The overall detection rate of the 583 samples was 13.89%(81/583).The mainβ-receptor agonist detected was clenbuterol,which accounted for 98.77%(80/81)of all the detected samples.Only 1 sample was detected with salbutamol,and the other 2β-receptor agonists were not detected.The top 3 food categories in terms of detection rate were beef liver,33.96%(36/106);mutton,15.79%(18/114);and beef,13.22%(16/121),while the detection rate of pork and pig liver was 1.19%(1/84)and 2.00%(1/50),respectively;the difference between the detection rates of the different categories was statistically significant(χ^(2)=56.11,P<0.05).The detection rate ofβ-receptor agonists in samples collected from farmers’markets was significantly higher than that collected from supermarkets and online shops(χ^(2)=10.91,P<0.05).The exposure risk assessment showed that the average exposure of pork,beef,and mutton ranged from 0.0001 to 0.0004μg/kg·BW.The IFS ranged from 0.0220 to 0.0950,and the IFS values were less than 1.Conclusion A certain detection degree ofβ-receptor agonists was observed in livestock meat and liver marketed in Tianjin City,but the average exposure risk ofβ-receptor agonists was low from the dietary exposure of pig,beef,and mutton.