我国与欧盟污染物风险管理的比较研究

A comparative study on the contaminant risk management between China and the European Union

目的比较我国与欧盟污染物标准体系及风险管理情况,提出完善我国污染物通用标准的建议,为科学建设我国污染物标准体系提供参考。方法通过资料比较分析法和数据分析法,对比分析我国与欧盟标准中涉及的污染物种类、食品种类及限量指标。结果我国污染物标准体系涉及19种污染物,欧盟标准涉及31种污染物,二者相同污染物15种;我国涵盖的食品类别(43类)多于欧盟标准(28类);我国与欧盟可比指标共207项,其中26项严于欧盟(12.6%),60项与欧盟标准一致(29.0%),121项比欧盟宽松(58.5%)。结论我国污染物标准体系与欧盟在制定原则、对本地居民的健康保护作用等方面基本相当,建议其在风险评估能力建设、污染物数据支撑、新型污染物管理、源头污染治理等方面进一步完善。

Objective This study aimed to compare the contaminant standards system and risk management between China and the European Union(EU)and provide evidence and reference for revising and improving our general standards of contaminants and toxins in food.Methods Using the literature comparison and data analysis method,we compared the general standards of contaminants and toxins in food between China and EU in terms of contaminant species,food categories,and maximum levels.Results There were 19 contaminant species in our general standards and 31 contaminant species in EU standards,and 15 of them were identical.The food categories in our general standards(43 categories)were more than that in the EU standards(28 categories).Within 207 comparable indices between China and the EU,the maximum level of 26 indices(12.6%)in the China standards were stricter than those in the EU standards;60 of them(29.0%)were equal to that in the EU standards and 121 of them(58.5%)were more generous than that in the EU standards.Conclusion The contaminant standards system of China is equivalent to that of the EU in terms of formulating principles and protecting the health of residents.These should be further improved in terms of risk assessment capacity building,contaminant data support,novel contaminant management,and source pollution control.