找回“公民的激情”:公众参与的理性后果与情感转向

Finding the Passion of Citizens:The Rational Consequences and Emotional Turn of Public Participation

公众参与的积极性体现了社会的进步。然而社会成员仅以个体理性的思维介入公共事务,公众参与也可能难以达到理想效果,甚至会产生一系列负面效应。公众参与的理性后果主要包括事前参与的失语和失序,事中参与的形式化和破坏性,事后参与的消极化和短期性。作为一种强调“公民性”的道德情感,公民的激情能够有效激发公众参与的积极性、维护公众参与的基本秩序,对超越个体理性的后果、升华个体理性具有重要作用。要想在公众参与中激活公民的激情,需要在三个方面创造相关条件,包括结构性条件、情境性条件和认知性条件。

The enthusiasm of public participation reflects the progress of society.However,members of society only intervene in public affairs with individual rational thinking,and public participation may not achieve ideal results,and may even produce a series of negative effects.The rational consequences of public participation mainly include aphasia and disorder in prior participation,formalization and destructiveness in in-process participation,and negativity and short-term nature in post participation.As a moral emotion that emphasizes"citizenship",the passion of citizens can effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of public participation,maintain the basic order of public participation,and play an important role in transcending the consequences of individual rationality and elevating individual rationality.To activate the passion of citizens in public participation,it is necessary to create relevant conditions in three aspects,including structural conditions,situational conditions,and cognitive conditions.