建构与反思,传承与颠覆:文化记忆理论何为?——冯亚琳教授访谈录

Construction and Reflection,Inheritance and Subversion:What is Cultural Memory Theory?—Interviewing with Professor Feng Yalin

在本次访谈中,冯亚琳教授围绕文化记忆概念的谱系关系和基本特征、文学文本与文化记忆的交汇、文学回忆的类别与特点、文化记忆理论的发展趋势等问题作出了深入的阐释。德国学者扬·阿斯曼和阿莱达·阿斯曼奠定了文化记忆的理论框架,将文学文本视为文化记忆的媒介和实践方式。阿斯特莉特·埃尔则将目光投向文学虚构世界中动态的、充满矛盾和断裂的记忆现象,将文化记忆变成了文学研究的理论。正是由于具有质疑本质的文学话语的进入,文化记忆的视野中就不仅只有建构与传承,更有了反思与颠覆。冯亚琳教授认为,包括文化记忆理论在内的文化学理论为文学研究打开了一扇大门,让我们关注到文学文本中以往可能会被忽略的一些文化现象,但每个理论构想都会有其自身的矛盾性和局限性,因此文学研究者要借助跨学科的研究方法,创造性地使用理论,借助理论照亮文本的深层架构的意义,以此挖掘更多阐释的可能性。

In this interview,Professor Feng Yalin gives us an in⁃depth explanation on the genealogical relationship and basic features of the concept of Cultural Memory,the meeting between literary texts and Cultural Memory,the categories and characteristics of literary memories,and the development trend of Cultural Memory theory.German scholars Jan Assmann and Aleida Assmann laid down the theoretical framework of Cultural Memory,viewing literary texts as the medium and practice of Cultural Memory.Astrid Erll,on the other hand,turned her attention to the dynamic,contradictory and fractured phenomenon of memory in the fictional world of literature,turning Cultural Memory into a theory for literary studies.It is due to the entry of literary discourse with a questioning nature that the vision of Cultural Memory is not only one of construction and inheritance,but also one of reflection and subversion.Professor Feng Yalin believes that cultural theories,including the theory of Cultural Memory,have opened a door for literary research to pay attention to some cultural phenomena that may have been neglected in literary texts in the past,but every theoretical conception has its own contradictions and limitations,so literary researchers should make use of interdisciplinary research methods,and use theories creatively to illuminate the significance of the deeper structure of the text,so as to dig out more possibilities of interpretation.