偶然抑或必然——《黑王子》悲剧成因的空间解读

Contingency or Inevitability:A Spatial Reading of Tragical Causes in The Black Prince

以往研究认为,小说《黑王子》的主人公布拉德利冤死狱中是由一系列偶然事件促成的。然而,借助20世纪空间美学与哲学思想对布拉德利的悲剧进行分析,我们发现其悲剧命运的发生既是偶然更是必然:“家宅”意象建构的偶然与破灭的必然,让我们看到无论是伦敦旧家宅或“帕塔拉”都未能为其提供真正的身心庇护所,间接导致布拉德利的悲剧结局;布拉德利的精神空间经历了块茎式思维与“逃逸线”的生成过程,“逃逸”生成的偶然与失败的必然成为导致其悲剧的直接原因;布拉德利身处的社会空间中存在两个典型的他者,他者异化的偶然与斗争的必然成为其含冤入狱的根本原因。布拉德利的悲剧既是命运偶然性的悲剧,更是个体与空间冲突必然结果,体现了默多克存在主义哲学思想。

Previous researchers believe that the tragedy of The Black Prince's protagonist Bradley is caused by a series of contingencies.However,after analyzing the tragic ending of Bradley by using the 20th century spatial aesthetics and philosophy,we find that the tragic ending is to some extent caused by contingencies,but more importantly,it has inevitable factors.From the accidental construction and inevitable disillusionment of the“house”image,we can see that neither the old London house nor the“Patara”provides Bradley with a real physical and mental shelter,which indirectly leads to the tragic ending of Bradley.Bradley's spiritual space reproduces the generative process of rhizome⁃like thinking and forms a“line of flight”,the accidental generation and inevitable failure of“flight”become the direct cause of his tragic ending.Besides,there are two“others”in Bradley's social space,whose accidental alienation and inevitable struggle become the radical cause of Bradley's imprisonment.Thus,the tragedy of Bradley not only reveals his destiny,but also displays the struggle between the individual and space,which reflects the existential philosophical thinking of Murdoch.