李渔与莎士比亚喜剧的共通性及其原因研究

A Study on the commonality between Li Yu and Shakespeare’s comedies and its causes

清初剧作家李渔与英国著名戏剧家莎士比亚均擅长喜剧创作,戏剧艺术的普遍性决定着二人的喜剧具有一定的共通性。二人都利用“生活再现”的手法构建了戏剧冲突的空间,并通过具有强烈反差性的人物塑造,使喜剧冲突复归到“喜剧性”中来。在戏剧结构的构思上,二人因皆具有演出经验,故发挥舞台想象力,使用“发现”与“突转”、“巧合”与“误会”两种技巧,将结构分为了不同的模块,体现了二人在戏剧创作上的趋同性。从整体文化上来说,以李渔为代表的中国古代戏曲以儒家思想为内核,注重教化之功用;而以莎士比亚为代表的西方戏剧则崇尚革故鼎新的力量,具有明显的戏剧张力。它们的交流与碰撞,在建构文明共同体的语境下,有着必要的价值。

Both Li Yu,a dramatist in the early Qing Dynasty,and Shakespeare,a famous dramatist in England,are good at comedy creation.The universality of drama art determines that their comedies have certain commonality.Both of them use the technique of“life representation”to construct the space of dramatic conflict,and make the comedy conflict return to the“comedy”through the characterization of strong contrast.In the conception of the drama structure,because both of them have performance experience,they give full play to the stage imagination,and use the two skills of“discovery”and“sudden turn”,“coincidence”and“misunderstanding”to divide the structure into different modules,reflecting the convergence of their dramatic creation.From the whole culture,the ancient Chinese opera represented by Li Yu takes Confucianism as the core and emphasizes the function of education.The western drama represented by Shakespeare advocates the power of innovation,and has obvious dramatic tension.Their communication and collision,in the context of civilized community,has the necessary value.