猴痘病毒的研究进展概述

Research Progress of Monkeypox Virus

猴痘是由猴痘病毒引起的一种人兽共患疾病。猴痘病毒因1958年从带有痘疹的食蟹猴体内分离出而得名。20世纪猴痘病毒多分布于非洲中、西部的热带雨林地区。进入21世纪后,随着世界贸易及人口流通的增加,猴痘在世界范围内日益流行并造成人际间快速传播,造成其他非流行猴痘国家迅速暴发猴痘疫情。猴痘对人类生命安全构成重大威胁,更对全球猴痘疫情的防控提出挑战。本文就猴痘病毒的流行病学、生物学特性、将猴痘病毒应用于不同动物模拟研究猴痘病毒学、免疫学与病理学机制而建立的实验动物模型及疫苗和药物的预防的研究现状进行介绍,为积极防范猴痘疫情、加快研发出特异性针对猴痘的疫苗或药物提供帮助。

Monkeypox is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by monkeypox virus.Monkeypox virus was named since it was isolated from cynomolgus monkeys with acne rash in 1958.In the 20th century,monkeypox virus mostly distributed in tropical rainforest areas of central and Africa.In the 21st century,as world trade and population circulation increased,monkeypox has become increasingly popular in the world and caused rapid interpersonal transmission,resulting in rapid outbreaks of monkeypox in other non‐epidemic monkeypox countries.Monkeypox poses a major threat to human life safety,and poses a challenge to the prevention and control of the global monkeypox epidemic.In this paper,the epidemiology and biological characteristics of monkeypox virus,the application of monkeypox virus in different animal models to study the virological,immunological and pathological mechanisms of monkeypox and the establishment of experimental animal models and the prevention of vaccines and drugs are introduced.It is helpful to actively prevent monkeypox epidemic and accelerate the development of vaccines or drugs specific to monkeypox.