2019—2022年新乡市54350例食源性疾病流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of 54 350 cases of foodborne diseases in Xinxiang City from 2019 to 2022

目的通过对食源性疾病的流行病学特征进行分析,为疾病的预防提供科学依据。方法收集2019—2022年新乡市食源性疾病监测数据,对该市哨点医院监测上报的54350例病例进行流行病学描述,采用卡方检验进行差异性分析,利用Logistic回归模型对病症严重程度及聚集性发病的影响因素进行分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果2019—2022年发病率分别为1.75‰、2.54‰、2.27‰和2.47‰,女性发病27921例,男性发病26429例,6至9月共发生病例35612例,占比65.52%;主城区14216例,下属县市40134例;农民共31542例,占比58.03%。年龄以19~59岁中青年为主(49.08%),但未成年人(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.11~1.30)和60岁及以上老人(OR=1.06,95%CI:1.02~1.11)病情偏重,且未成年群体(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.12~1.93)易出现聚集性发病。暴露食品以果蔬类及其制品为主(40.72%),但肉类(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.16~1.33)、饮品类(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.10~1.37)及混合食品、菌藻类等(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.05~1.22)食物引起症状更严重。虽然家庭(85.37%)是主要进食场所,与之相比,集体食堂(OR=2.00,95%CI:1.76~2.27)及路边摊(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.69~2.10)用餐更易出现严重病例,集体食堂(OR=12.41,95%CI:9.69~15.90)食源性疾病聚集性更高。结论未成年人和老年人是食源性疾病发病的高危人群,肉制品、饮品类是高危食品,路边摊位、集体食堂用餐易出现严重病情,集体食堂最易出现聚集性发病。

Objective By analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases,so that to provide a scientific basis for accurate disease prevention.Methods Foodborne disease surveillance data were collected for Xinxiang City from 2019 to 2022.The 54 350 cases reported from sentinel hospital was described epidemiologically,and the Chi-square test was used for variance analysis of distribution,and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing the severity and the clustering of disease.The test level was 0.05.Results The incidence rates in 2019—2022were 1.75‰,2.54‰,2.27‰ and 2.47‰,respectively.There were 27 921 cases of women and 26429 cases of men.About 35 612 cases occurred from June to September,accounting for 65.52%,and 14 216 cases in the main city,40 134 cases in the subordinate counties and cities,and a total of 31 542 cases of farmers,accounting for 58.03%.The distribution of age was dominated by young and middle-aged people aged 19-59 years(49.08%),but minors(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.11-1.30) and elderly people aged ≥60 years(OR=1.06,95% CI:1.02-1.11) were more severely affected,and the underage group(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.12-1.93) was prone to cluster disease.The exposed foods were mainly fruits and vegetables and their products(40.72%),but meat(OR=1.24,95% CI:1.16-1.33),beverages(OR=1.23,95% CI:1.10-1.37) and mixed foods,mushrooms and algae(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.05-1.22) foods caused more serious symptom.Although the home(85.37%) was the main eating place,compared to collective cafeteria(OR=2.00,95% CI:1.76-2.27) and roadside stalls(OR=1.88,95% CI:1.69-2.10) meals were more likely to have serious cases,and the clusters of foodborne diseases in collective cafeteria(OR=12.41,95%CI:9.69-15.90) was higher.Conclusions Minors and the elderly are the high-risk groups,meat products and beverages are high-risk foods,roadside stalls and dining in collective cafeteria are prone to serious illness,and collective cafeterias are the most likely to have aggregated morbidity.