2021年吉林省高校大学生艾滋病相关知识及行为调查

Survey on AIDS related knowledge and behavior of college students in Jilin Province in 2021

目的 通过对吉林省高校大学生进行艾滋病防治知识及行为调查,分析其影响因素,为控制青年学生艾滋病传播提供理论依据。方法 2021年10至11月采用随机抽样的方法在吉林省长春市4所高校(重点本科、普通本科、独立学院、专科)通过问卷星小程序对在校大学生进行艾滋病相关知识及行为网络问卷调查,调查内容包含大学生基本信息、艾滋病相关知识及行为情况等,通过SPSS 24.0软件分析影响大学生艾滋病相关知识及行为的因素,检验水准α=0.05。结果 本研究共分析了8 719份调查问卷,艾滋病相关知识总体知晓者占44.1%,不知晓占55.9%。将是否知晓艾滋病相关知识分组与多个变量进行单因素分析,年龄(T=4.696,P<0.001)、性别(χ~2=12.807,P<0.001)、学校类型(χ~2=107.207,P<0.001)、年级(χ~2=57.171,P<0.001)、是否为独生子女(χ~2=4.897,P=0.027)、感染艾滋病风险非常低或比较低的最主要原因(χ~2=25.681,P<0.001)、接受艾滋病相关教育的学段(χ~2=27.644,P<0.001)差异均有统计学意义。本研究有效问卷参与者中有过性行为的占比为10.9%,艾滋病相关知识知晓的占49.8%,不知晓的占50.2%;有固定性伴占79.1%,其最近1年安全套使用情况:每次均使用安全套的占比为45.5%;从未使用占8.6%;有临时性伴的占30.5%,其最近1年与临时性伴的安全套使用情况:每次均使用安全套的占比为56.4%;从未使用占20.2%;有过商业性行为的大学生仅占18.2%,其中男男同性恋及双性恋占11.0%,其最近1年与商业性伴发生性关系安全套使用情况占52.6%。对953名有过性行为的大学生中第一次性行为安全套的使用情况进行单因素分析,发现月均生活费水平(χ~2=17.761,P<0.001)、性取向(χ~2=37.896,P<0.001)、认为自己感染艾滋病的风险程度(χ~2=24.910,P=0.002)差异均有统计学意义。结论 吉林省高校大学生的艾滋病相关知识知晓情况较差,特别是对基础常识类问题认知少,性别、学校类型、年级是高校大学生艾滋病相关知识知晓的影响因素。在性行为调查中,有过男男同性性行为的大学生中规范使用安全套的比例不高,因此吉林省高校大学生艾滋病相关基础性教育有待加强,疾控及相关教育部门可针对不同性别及年级大学生的特点制定更有效地干预措施,同时加强大学生性教育,提倡安全性行为。

Objective Through the investigation on the knowledge and behavior of AIDS prevention among college students in Jilin province,the influential factors were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for controlling the spread of AIDS among young students.Methods From October to November 2021,students in four universities(key undergraduate,general undergraduate,independent college,junior college) in Changchun of Jilin province were randomly sampled to conduct a network questionnaire survey on their knowledge and behaviors related to AIDS through the questionnaire star mini program.The survey contents included basic information,knowledge and behaviors related to AIDS of college students.SPSS 24.0 software was used to analyze the factors affecting college students' AIDS related knowledge and behavior,and the test level was α =0.05.Results A total of 8 719 questionnaires were analyzed in this study.The knowledge awareness about AIDS of them accounted for 44.1% and 55.9% of them were lack of that.The knowledge of HIV/AIDS was grouped with multiple variables for univariate analysis,such as age(T=4.696,P<0.001),sex(χ~2=12.807,P<0.001),school type (χ~2=107.207,P<0.001),grade (χ~2=57.171,P<0.001),whether they were the only child (χ~2=4.897,P=0.027),the most important reasons for very low or relatively low risk of HIV infection (χ~2=25.681,P<0.001),and the number of years they had received HIV/AIDS-related education (χ~2=27.644,P<0.001),the differences was statistically significant.In this study,10.9% of the participants in the valid questionnaire had sexual behavior,49.8% of them knew the related knowledge of AIDS and 50.2% did not know.79.1% had a fixed partner,and the situation of condom use in the recent year was:45.5% of them used condoms every time;8.6% never used;And 30.5% of them had temporary partners,and the situation of the use of condom in the recent year with temporary partners was:56.4% of them used condoms every time;20.2% never used;Only 18.2% of college students had commercial sex,11.0% of them were gay and bisexual,and 52.6% of them used condoms when had sex with commercial partners in the recent year.Univariate analysis of condom use among 953 college students who had sex for the first time showed that the average monthly living expenses (χ~2=17.761,P<0.001),sexual orientation(χ~2=37.896,P<0.001),the degree of perceived risk of HIV infection (χ~2=24.910,P=0.002) had statistical significance.Conclusions College students in Jilin Province have poor knowledge about HIV/AIDS,especially their knowledge about basic common sense.Gender,school type and grade are the factors that affect college students′ knowledge about AIDS.In the survey of sexual behavior,the proportion of standardized condom use among college students who have had gay sex is not high,so the basic education related to AIDS of college students in Jilin province needs to be strengthened.Disease control and related education departments can formulate more effective intervention measures according to the characteristics of college students of different genders and grades,and the sex education in college students should be strengthened to promote safe sex.