公铁两用运输车连挂冲击下的纵向载荷传递规律研究

On the longitudinal load transfer law under the coupling shock condition of one roadrailer

针对中国拟自助研发设计的公铁两用运输车,在编组连挂时由车钩经转向架传递至车体的载荷,其传递路径及规律尚不明确的问题,进行了试验测试与仿真研究。该车型的转向架在纵向能传递载荷的部件包括牵引板与抗蛇行减振器装置,需掌握载荷传递路径及其大小以便为后续结构部件的强度考核提供支撑。试验中,对转向架可能传递纵向载荷的部件进行了布点和载荷测试。仿真研究中,根据铁道车辆多体动力学理论与建模方法,建立了3车体4转向架的编组模型,模拟碰撞机车为含质量与速度的简化质量块。建立了抗蛇行减振器装置的力学模型,其力学结构为阻尼与刚度的串联模型;而构架到车体的纵向连接部件为牵引板⁃抗蛇行减振器装置的并联结构。运用多体动力学软件SIMPACK进行求解。结果表明:车钩与牵引板所受纵向载荷会随着碰撞体冲击速度的增大而增大,仿真结果略小于试验结果,但规律一致,且牵引板所受冲击载荷小于车钩载荷;而抗蛇行减振器装置结点几乎不受纵向载荷,与牵引板受载相比可忽略不计。由试验与仿真结果对比分析,明确了冲击载荷经车钩传递至车体时,几乎完全通过转向架上的牵引板传递,抗蛇行减振器装置作用很小,相关结果能够用于该车结构的优化设计及为部件强度校核提供载荷谱。

It focused on the test and simulation study on the longitudinal load transfer law under the coupling shock condition of a roadrailer.The bogie of this type of the vehicle contains the towing plate and the yaw damper device,which are oriented in the longi⁃tudinal direction.Therefore the load transmission path and its value need to be investigated for further strength evaluation of the structural component.In the test,force sensors were installed on the key components.In the simulation,a comprehensive whole ve⁃hicle dynamic model,which contains 3 carbodies and 4 bogies,was established based on the theory and method of the rail vehicle and multibody dynamics.Meanwhile the collider is simplified to a mass considering its mass and speed to simulate the locomotive.Besides,it gave the modeling details of the yaw damper device and the towing plate.By the SIMPACK solver,the results demon⁃strate that the forces on the hook and the yaw damper device both increase with the impact speed increasing.Furthermore,the simu⁃lation results were slightly smaller than the test results,but the law is nearly the same.Under these conditions,the yaw damper had no effect.Therefore,the transmission path is only through the towing plate,which is useful for further strength evaluation.