水产品过敏原及其检测技术概述

Overview of Aquatic Products Allergens and Their Detection Techniques

水产品因鲜美的味道和丰富的营养而深受消费者青睐。水产品属于联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织认定的过敏食物,其在加工、运输、贮藏过程中有可能受到外来过敏原的污染,由此引起的食品安全问题日益严峻,严重制约了行业的发展。明确水产食品中的过敏原,并利用适当的检测技术进行检测、监控,有利于预防水产食物过敏疾病的发生。本文概述水产食品中的主要过敏原,以及基于基因水平的核酸检测技术、蛋白水平的免疫检测技术及质谱检测技术研究进展,为丰富水产品过敏原及其检测手段提供理论依据。

Aquatic products are favored by consumers because of their delicious taste and rich nutrition,which belong to the allergic food recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization,and they may be contaminated by foreign allergens during processing,transportation and storage,resulting in increasingly serious food safety problems caused by aquatic food allergy,which seriously restricts the development of the aquatic industry.Therefore,identifying the allergens in aquatic food and using appropriate detection techniques to detect and monitor them are conducive to preventing the occurrence of aquatic food allergies and diseases.In this paper,the main allergens in aquatic food,as well as the research progress of nucleic acid detection technology based on gene level,immunoassay technology based on protein level and mass spectrometry detection technology were summarized,which provided a theoretical basis for enriching the comprehensive understanding of aquatic allergens and their detection methods.