双重参照:构式“X+一量+是+一量”的语义流变

Double Reference:The Semantic Evolution of Construction“X+Yi(一)+CL.+Shi(是)+Yi(一)+CL.”

构式“X+一量+是+一量”由基式简单判断推衍而来,主要表示“对X及其所涉对象的积极预期及评议”,可细化为“对X所涉对象的积极预期及评议”“对X的积极预期”,分别简记为构1、构2,在实际运用中衍生出诸多派生义。构式成分“一量”起着至关重要的作用,由其直接辗转衍生出构1,构2则与人们对其所形成的主观识解“小量”休戚相关。构式义的形成涉及隐喻、转喻、主观化等多种认知机制,其动因则源自构式的双重参照,构1以实量“一”量为参照,着眼“质”的提升,构2则以虚量“零”量为参照,重在“量”的积累。

The construction“X+Yi(一)+CL.+Shi(是)+Yi(一)+CL.”is derived from simple judgments,which mainly means“positive expectations and comments on X and its subjects”,which can be refined into“positive expectations and comments on the subject of X”,“expectations for X”,denoted as construction 1,construction 2.Many derivative meanings will be derived in specific applications.The constructional components“yi(一)CL.”plays a vital role,and from which directly derives construction1,and construction 2 is derived from the“little”classifier of subjective understanding formed by people.The formation of constructional meaning involves various cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor,metonymy,and subjectivization,and the motivation is the double reference choice of construction.construction1 takes the yi(一)as a reference and focuses on the improvement of“quality”,and construction 2 uses zero(零)as a reference and advocates the accumulation of“quantity”.