二维MXene材料在新型薄膜太阳能电池技术中的研究进展

Progress of Two-dimensional MXene in New-type Thin-film Solar Cells

太阳能作为自然界中丰富的可持续清洁能源,可以在解决当前能源短缺问题的同时有效减少因过度消耗化石燃料造成的环境污染问题。近年来,第三代新型薄膜太阳能电池,如染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)和钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)等,凭借其原料丰富、制造成本低廉和光电性能良好等优点而受到广泛关注。然而,新型薄膜太阳能电池器件的电荷传输性能和运行稳定性与正式商用的要求仍有一定差距。二维MXene材料具有比表面积高、表面官能团丰富、导电性优良、功函数可调和亲水性等优点,已成为能源转换领域的研究热点。鉴于此,本文在综述二维MXene材料的结构、光学和电学特性的基础上,阐述了近些年二维MXene材料应用于新型薄膜太阳能电池的研究进展,并重点探讨了二维MXene材料增强太阳能电池光电性能的机制。二维MXene材料可通过作为钙钛矿太阳能电池中钙钛矿层和电荷传输层的添加剂、修饰染料敏化太阳能电池的光电阳极和制备电极,来调整能带对齐、降低功函数、拓宽吸光范围和形成“柱撑效应”,有效改善器件的光吸收效率、载流子迁移率和电荷提取能力,从而提升器件的光电性能和稳定性。最后,结合目前的研究进展,对二维MXene材料在新型薄膜太阳能电池技术中的发展前景及面临的挑战提出了建议。

As renewable and sustainable clean energy,solar energy has the potential to address current energy shortage and reduce environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels consumption.In recent years,the third-generation thin-film solar cells,such as dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)and perovskite solar cells(PSCs),have attracted widespread attention due to their low cost,abundant materials,and high photoelectric performance.However,these devices still face challenges in terms of charge transfer efficiency and operational stability for their commercialization.Two-dimensional(2D)MXene materials have emerged as promising candidates for improving the performance of thin-film solar cells due to their unique properties,including high specific surface area,rich surface functional groups,high conductivity,tunable work function,and hydrophilicity.This review summarizes the recent research progress of 2D MXene materials applied in new thin-film solar cells,focusing on the reaction mechanism that enhances the photoelectric performance of solar cells.Strategies such as using 2D MXene materials as additives for the perovskite layer and charge transport layer in PSCs,modifying the photoanode in DSSCs,and preparing varous electrodes,can effectively improve light absorption efficiency,carrier mobility,and charge extraction capability of the devices by adjusting band alignment,reducing work function,broadening the light absorption range,and creating a“pillar support effect”.As a result,the photoelectric performance and stability of the devices are enhanced.In conclusion,the perspectives highlights the current research progress and challenge faced by 2D MXene materials in novel thin-film solar cells.