重视眼病前期的流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of eye diseases in the predisease stage

流行病学调查是疾病早预防、早干预以及相关政策制定重要的科学依据。疾病前期(predisease)常指在流行病学调查/筛查中发现的机体非正常状态,但还没有达到疾病的诊断标准,是机体由健康状态向疾病状态进展的过渡阶段,如果不干预就会发展为疾病。如大家熟知的癌症前期(癌前病变)、糖尿病前期以及高血压前期等,也包括近视前期、青光眼前期以及糖尿病前期眼部并发症等眼病前期。疾病前期由于处于疾病尚未出现临床表现或者极早期阶段,通过适当的干预可以阻止甚至逆转疾病的发生而广受重视。然而,目前眼科工作者尚未对开展眼病前期流行病学调查足够重视,对如何开展眼病前期的流行病学调查也不甚了解,本文根据以往开展眼病流行病学调查的经验,就目前患病率高、视觉损伤大的几种常见眼病前期流行病学调查的开展进行论述。

Epidemiologic study is an essential scientific basis for disease prevention,intervention and health policy making.Predisease often refers to the abnormal state found in epidemiologic study/screening,which has not yet reached the diagnostic criteria for the disease.It is the“in-between”state from a healthy state to a diseased state;if not intervened properly,it will develop into a disease.Predisease includes precancerous lesions,prediabetes,prehypertension,as well as eye diseases in the predisease stage,such as premyopia,preglaucoma and ocular complications of prediabetes.Proper intervention in predisease,when no clinical manifestations were found,or the very early stage can prevent the occurrence of diseases.However,ophthalmologists have not paid enough attention to the epidemiologic study of eye diseases in the predisease stage and have known little about how to conduct the epidemiologic study.Herein,this paper discussed the epidemiologic study of several common eye diseases with high prevalence and significant visual impairment in the predisease stages based on experience in the relevant field.